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. 2019 Feb 27;18:29. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-0956-8

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Function of NKG2D in NK cells. Humans only express one NKG2D subtype, NKG2D-L (long), which binds only to DAP10. DAP10 contains the YXXM motif, which recruits PI3K and GRB2, activates the Rac1/PAK/c-RAF/MEK/ERK and GrB2/VAV-1 pathways, and finally induces NK cells exerting cytotoxic effects, releasing cytokines, and killing tumor cells via perforin/granzymes, TNF-α/TNF-R1, and Fas/FasL