Table 1.
Studies investigating RER during exercise matched for relative intensities in hypoxia, compared with normoxia
| Study | Participants | Study design | Type of hypoxia | Altitude (m) | Duration of hypoxia | RER |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beidleman et al. (2002) [16] | 8 (females) | Treadmill exercise at 70% relative VO2max until volitional exhaustion | HH | 4300 | 180 min | SL: 0.89 ± 0.04 AH: 0.85 ± 0.03 |
| Beidleman et al. (2003) A [45] | 6 (male = 5, female = 1) | 15 min cycling at 40% relative VO2max | HH | 4300 | 70 min | SL: 0.97 ± 0.02 AH: 0.88 ± 0.01 |
| Beidleman et al. (2003) B [45] | 6 (male = 5, female = 1) | 15 min cycling at 70% relative VO2max | HH | 4300 | 70 min | SL: 1.02 ± 0.02 AH: 1.00 ± 0.03 |
| Bouissou et al. (1987) [46] | 6 (males) | 60 min cycling at 60% relative VO2max | HH | 3000 | 80 min | SL: 0.99 ± 0.02 AH: 1.00 ± 0.01 |
| Braun et al. (2000) [11] | 15 (females) | 30 min cycling at 65% relative VO2max | TA | 4300 | 10 days | SL: 0.97 ± 0.01 CH: 0.94 ± 0.01 |
| Friedmann et al. (2004) [47] | 11 (males) | 60 min running at ~ 82% relative VO2max | NH | 2500 | 120 min | SL: 0.93 ± 0.02 AH: 0.98 ± 0.07 |
| Fulco et al. (2005) A [48] | 16 (males) | 20 min cycling at 48% relative VO2max | TA | 4300 | 3 days | SL: 0.91 ± 0.01 CH: 0.81 ± 0.01 |
| Fulco et al. (2005) B [48] | 16 (males) | 20 min cycling at 48% relative VO2max | TA | 4300 | 10 days | SL: 0.91 ± 0.01 CH: 0.80 ± 0.01 |
| Fulco et al. (2005) C [48] | 16 (males) | 20 min cycling at 68% relative VO2max | TA | 4300 | 3 days | SL: 0.93 ± 0.01 CH: 0.85 ± 0.01 |
| Fulco et al. (2005) D [48] | 16 (males) | 20 min cycling at 68% relative VO2max | TA | 4300 | 10 days | SL: 0.93 ± 0.01 CH: 0.84 ± 0.01 |
| Hopkins et al. (2003) A [49] | 6 (male = 1, female = 5) | 5 min cycling at 30% relative VO2max | NH | 3850 | 25 min | SL: 0.82 ± 0.02 AH: 0.86 ± 0.03 |
| Hopkins et al. (2003) B [49] | 6 (male = 1, female = 5) | 5 min cycling at 60% relative VO2max | NH | 3850 | 25 min | SL: 0.95 ± 0.02 AH: 0.96 ± 0.03 |
| Katayama et al. (2010) [3] | 7 (males) | 30 min cycling at 50% relative VO2max | HH | 2000 | 100 min | SL: 0.90 ± 0.01 AH: 0.91 ± 0.02 |
| Lundby and Van Hall (2002) A [22] | 8 (male = 6, female = 2) | 60 min cycling at 50% relative VO2max | NH | 4100 | 70 min | SL: 0.91 ± 0.01 AH: 0.92 ± 0.02 |
| Lundby and Van Hall (2002) B [22] | 8 (male = 6, female = 2) | 60 min cycling at 50% relative VO2max | TA | 4100 | 28 days | SL: 0.91 ± 0.01 CH: 0.91 ± 0.01 |
| Maher et al. (1974) A [50] | 8 (males) | 10 min cycling at 75% relative VO2max | TA | 4300 | 44 h | SL: 0.99 ± 0.01 AH: 0.98 ± 0.01 |
| Maher et al. (1974) B [50] | 8 (males) | 10 min cycling at 75% relative VO2max | TA | 4300 | 12 days | SL: 0.99 ± 0.01 CH: 0.98 ± 0.01 |
| Matu et al. (2017) A [6] | 12 (males) | 60 min walking at 50% relative VO2max | NH | 2150 | 5 h | SL: 0.88 ± 0.04 AH: 0.85 ± 0.06 |
| Matu et al. (2017) B [6] | 12 (males) | 60 min walking at 50% relative VO2max | NH | 4300 | 5 h | SL: 0.88 ± 0.04 AH: 0.85 ± 0.06 |
| Messier et al. (2017) [51] | 20 (males) | 60 min cycling at ~ 67% relative VO2max | TA | 2150 | 150 min | SL: 0.92 ± 0.06 AH: 0.97 ± 0.05 |
| Noordhof et al. (2013) A [52] | 16 (male) | 6 min cycling at 45% relative VO2max | HH | 1500 | 30 min | SL: 0.89 ± 0.03 AH: 0.92 ± 0.02 |
| Noordhof et al. (2013) B [52] | 16 (male) | 6 min cycling at 55% relative VO2max | HH | 1500 | 30 min | SL: 0.91 ± 0.04 AH: 0.94 ± 0.04 |
| Noordhof et al. (2013) C [52] | 16 (male) | 6 min cycling at 65% relative VO2max | HH | 1500 | 30 min | SL: 0.94 ± 0.04 AH: 0.98 ± 0.04 |
| O’Hara et al. (2017) A [5] | 7 (males) | 5 min cycling at ~ 62% relative VO2max | HH | 3375 | 155 min | SL: 0.92 ± 0.04 AH: 0.83 ± 0.04 |
| O’Hara et al. (2017) B [5] | 7 (males) | 105 min cycling at ~ 74% relative VO2max | HH | 3375 | 155 min | SL: 0.92 ± 0.03 AH: 0.84 ± 0.05 |
| Peronnet et al. (2006) [4] | 5 (males) | 80 min cycling at 77% relative VO2max | HH | 4300 | 110 min | SL: 0.93 ± 0.01 AH: 0.97 ± 0.01 |
| Wyss et al. (1990) [53] | 7 (males) | 30 min running at ~ 79% relative VO2max | NH | 3500 | 60 min | SL: 0.90 ± 0.04 AH: 0.93 ± 0.04 |
| Young et al. (1987) A [54] | 12 (males) | 30 min cycling at 75% relative VO2max (active between exercise tests) | TA | 4300 | < 24 h | SL: 0.84 ± 0.02 AH: 1.03 ± 0.01 |
| Young et al. (1987) B [54] | 12 (males) | 30 min cycling at 75% relative VO2max (active between exercise tests) | TA | 4300 | 13 days | SL: 0.84 ± 0.02 CH: 1.03 ± 0.06 |
| Young et al. (1987) C [54] | 12 (males) | 30 min cycling at 75% relative VO2max (sedentary between exercise tests) | TA | 4300 | < 24 h | SL: 0.84 ± 0.01 AH: 1.05 ± 0.01 |
| Young et al. (1987) D [54] | 12 (males) | 30 min cycling at 75% relative VO2max (sedentary between exercise tests) | TA | 4300 | 13 days | SL: 0.84 ± 0.01 CH: 1.13 ± 0.05 |
Values presented as mean ± SD. HH hypobaric hypoxia, NH normobaric hypoxia, TA terrestrial altitude, SL sea level, AH acute hypoxia, CH chronic hypoxia. A, B, C and D refer to the different trial arms of each study