Table 1.

The comparison of clinicopathological factors between training cohort and validation cohort.

Characteristic	N	Patients		P
		Training cohort	Validation cohort
Total	1966	1474	492
Age (years)
≤60	946	705	241	0.677
>60	1020	769	251
Gender
Male	1084	815	269	0.834
Female	882	659	223
Surgery
No	1695	1271	424	0.978
Yes	271	203	68
Surgery
No	1619	1215	404	0.964
Recommended, but no	76	56	20
Yes	271	203	68
Tumor site
Head	883	655	228	0.775
Body	300	231	69
Tail	783	588	195
Tumor grade
Well	700	513	197	0.646
Moderate	396	305	91
Poor	870	656	214
Tumor size (cm)
≤2	150	107	43	0.585
2–4	702	526	176
>4	1114	841	273
T stage (8th)
I	56	39	17	0.725
II	490	374	116
III	1098	825	273
IV	322	236	86
LN metastasis
Absent	1058	785	273	0.476
Present	908	689	219
Survival status
Alive	497	372	125	0.952
Dead	1469	1102	367
Survival status
Alive	497	372	125	0.976
Cancer-specific death	1398	1048	350
Non-cancer-specific death	71	54	17

LN, lymph node.