TABLE 3.
Associations of Peer-RPAD Scores with Levels of Rounding and Team Characteristics
| Univariate Models | Full Multivariable Model | Reduced Multivariable Model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Patients (% of SDM encounters) | RPAD Score, mean | F test P value (nDF) |
RPAD Score, mean | F test P value (nDF) |
RPAD Score, mean | F test P value (nDF) |
| Overall | 254 (100%) | 4.16 | 4.32 | 4.35 | |||
| Round Characteristics | |||||||
| Service | <.001 (3) | .0003 (3) | < .0001 (3) | ||||
| Med-1 | 34 (13%) | 4.72 | 4.74 | 5.03 | |||
| Med-2 | 83 (33%) | 3.04 | 3.27 | 3.42 | |||
| Peds-1 | 62 (24%) | 4.26 | 4.64 | 4.44 | |||
| Peds-2 | 75 (30%) | 4.14 | 4.64 | 4.53 | |||
| Round censusa | .48 (1)b | .87 (1)b | |||||
| 3–7 | 51 (20%) | 4.12 | 4.10 | ||||
| 8–9 | 95 (37%) | 4.16 | 4.20 | ||||
| 10–11 | 53 (21%) | 4.26 | 4.62 | ||||
| 12–14 | 55 (22%) | 4.13 | 4.37 | ||||
| Round durationa | .25 (1)b | .38 (1)b | |||||
| < 1.5 hours | 54 (21%) | 4.32 | 4.71 | ||||
| 1.5–1.99 hours | 80 (32%) | 4.27 | 4.52 | ||||
| 2.0–2.49 hours | 63 (25%) | 3.83 | 3.98 | ||||
| ≥ 2.5 hours | 57 (22%) | 3.85 | 4.07 | ||||
| Average minutes per patienta | .038 (1)b | 0.24 (1)b | .033 (1)b | ||||
| < 10 minutes | 56 (22%) | 4.20 | 4.23 | 4.49 | |||
| 10.0–14.9 | 107 (42%) | 4.17 | 4.80 | 4.74 | |||
| 15.0–19.9 | 53 (21%) | 3.70 | 4.29 | 4.24 | |||
| ≥ 20.0 | 38 (15%) | 3.51 | 3.97 | 3.94 | |||
| Team characteristics | |||||||
| Team size | .77 (1)b | .25 (1)b | |||||
| 3–6 members | 87 (34%) | 4.20 | 4.52 | ||||
| 7–8 members | 62 (24%) | 4.23 | 4.61 | ||||
| 9–10 members | 53 (21%) | 4.06 | 4.10 | ||||
| 11–17 members | 52 (20%) | 4.18 | 4.05 | ||||
| Trainee percentage on team | .27 (1)b | .57 (1)b | |||||
| < 40% | 52 (20%) | 4.29 | 4.50 | ||||
| 40.0% to 49.9% | 55 (22%) | 4.27 | 4.34 | ||||
| 50.0% to 59.9% | 91 (36%) | 4.01 | 4.28 | ||||
| ≥ 60% | 56 (22%) | 3.92 | 4.17 | ||||
| Presenting MD | .95 (3) | .86 (3) | |||||
| Medical student | 88 (35%) | 4.11 | 4.18 | ||||
| Intern | 132 (52%) | 4.19 | 4.22 | ||||
| Resident | 30 (12%) | 4.24 | 4.25 | ||||
| Attending | 4 (2%) | 4.24 | 4.63 | ||||
Because the outcome is patient-level, patient-level distributions are tabled for round-level covariates.
Test for linear association uses continuous version of covariate, thus nDF of F test has 1 DF.
NOTE: According to univariate models (include 1 covariate) and 2 multivariable models, these characteristics are illustrated via mean Peer-RPAD scores and P values from F tests. The full multivariable model includes all covariates tabulated, and the reduced multivariable model includes covariates that were statistically significant at P ≤ .20 in either univariate or the full multivariable model according to F tests. Abbreviations: DF, degrees of freedom; MD, medical doctor; nDF, numerator degrees of freedom; RPAD, Rochester Participatory Decision-Making Scale; SDM, shared decision making.