Table 3.
Logistic regression models of association between insulin resistance and depression risk in PCOS
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate OR (95% CI) | p | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | p | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Abnormal HOMA-IR | 2.32 (1.28-4.21) | <0.01 | 2.23 (1.11-4.46) | 0.02 | 2.03 (1.00-4.16) | 0.05 |
| Age, yrs | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | <0.01 | 0.92 (0.86-0.98) | 0.01 | 0.95 (0.89-1.02) | 0.18 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.02 (0.99-1.25) | 0.14 | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | 0.84 | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | 0.89 |
| Income | ||||||
| <$25k | Referent | Referent | ||||
| $25k - $74,999 | 0.38 (0.19-0.75) | <0.01 | 0.38 (0.19-0.77) | <0.01 | ||
| ≥$75k | 0.23 (0.09-0.61) | <0.01 | 0.35 (0.13-0.94) | 0.04 | ||
| Wish to not answer | 0.69 (0.30-1.56) | 0.30 | 0.67 (0.29-1.57) | 0.36 | ||
| Androstenedione, mg/dL | 1.18 (1.03-1.34) | 0.02 | 1.11 (0.93-1.33) | 0.24 | ||
| Total testosterone, mg/dL | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 0.16 | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.74 | ||
| Hirsute | 2.38 (0.85-6.72) | 0.10 | 2.04 (0.71-5.91) | 0.19 | ||
| Acne score | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.03 | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.07 | ||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.08 | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.13 | ||
Model 1: unadjusted odds ratios
Model 2: controls for age and BMI, selected a priori
Model 3: includes all variables associated with depression risk at p<0.20 on univariate logistic regression analyses, while excluding select co-linear variables
HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, cut-off >2.2 considered elevated