Table 2. Selected studies which support the absence of a link between testosterone replacement therapy and prostate cancer.
Authors | Year | Study format | Number on
testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) |
Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|
Loeb et al. 29 | 2017 | Nested case-control | 1,662 | No overall increase in risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Early increase in
the risk of favorable cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.56) and decrease in the risk of aggressive PCa (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37–0.67). |
Haider et al. 26 | 2015 | Prospective cohort
(multi-center) |
1,023 | Lower incidence of PCa in TRT-treated populations |
Eisenberg et al. 33 | 2015 | Retrospective
observational |
247 | There was no change in cancer risk overall, or PCa risk specifically, for
men older than 40 years using long-term TRT. |
Feneley et al. 34 | 2012 | Prospective cohort
(single-center) |
1,365 | Incidence of PCa during long-term TRT was equivalent to that of the
general population. |
Calof et al. 25 | 2005 | Meta-analysis | 651 | No statistically significant difference in PCa diagnoses among TRT
users |
Rhoden and
Morgentaler 28 |
2003 | Prospective cohort
(single-center) |
75 | After 1 year of TRT, men with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
do not have a greater increase in prostate-specific antigen or a significantly increased risk of cancer than men without PIN. |