Figure 4.

Topical rapamycin treatment prevents lesion rebound. A, Treatment scheme: Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)-TIE2-L914F were injected into mice to form venous malformation (VM) lesions for 14 d, then treated with oral reduced-dose combination (RD combo) until day 28. Combination treatment was discontinued, and topical vehicle cream or rapamycin cream (1%) was applied on the surface of the lesions twice/day for 14 d. Lesion images were taken at day 42. B, Lesion size from day 14–28 and to day 42. Each line represents 1 lesion. C, Waterfall plot of lesion size change (day 42/day 28). Data expressed as single value for each lesion, linear mixed-effect model (n=8 mice with 2 lesions/group). D, Lesion weight at day 42. Data expressed as single value for each lesion, mean shown by horizontal bars, linear mixed-effect model (n=8 mice with 2 lesions/group).