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. 2019 Jan 25;9(4):2263–2304. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4743

Table 1.

Potential bacterial targets to explore filamentous phage to improve the benefits of commercial inoculants being used to promote plant growth under different environmental stresses

Target function Target organism(s)/activity Bacterial composition Trade name of inoculants Filamentous phage
Biofungicide Rot diseases caused by Fusarium and Rhizoctonia Bacillus subtilis Kodiak HB Needs investigation
Seed‐borne disease caused by fungus Ascochyta spp. Pseudomonas chlororaphis Cedress; Cedomon Known for Pseudomonas
Rots, blights, wilt, leaf spot, and mildew Bacillus subtilis Biotilis Needs investigation
Leaf spot caused by different genera of fungus Pseudomonas fluorescens Bactvipe Known for Pseudomonas
Seed‐borne diseases: Common wheat bunt (Tilletia caries), wheat leaf spot (Septoria nodorum) Pseudomonas chlororaphis Cerall Known for Pseudomonas
Bioinsecticide Lepidoptera larvae and beetles Bacillus thuringiensisvar. kurstaki Bioscrop BT16 Needs investigation
Insecticide/miticide: Infection by aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, lygus and mealybugs, thrips and phytophagous mites Chromobacterium subtsugae strainPRAA4‐1 Grandevo Needs investigation
Insect pests of lepidoptera, diptera, coleoptera, hymenoptera B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki Lipel Needs investigation
Bionematicides Meloidogyne spp, Hetrodera spp, Helicotylenchus spp, Hoplolaimus spp. causing root‐knot, cyst, lesion Bacillus firmus Bionemagon Needs investigation
Multifunctional PGPR

  • Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)

  • Antibiosis (via production of siderophore)

  • Biocontrol of fire blight

  • Protection from frost damage

 Pseudomonas fluorescensA506 BlightBan A506 Known for Pseudomonas

  • Biofungicide (sheath blight caused by several fungal species)

  • Bionematicide (root‐knot, cyst)

  • Biocontrol of bacterial pathogens (via production of siderophores and hydrogen cyanide)

 P. fluorescensIIHR PF‐2 Sheathguard Known for Pseudomonas

  • Biofungicide,

  • N2‐fixer

  • IAA producer

 Pseudomonas chlororaphissubsp. aurantiacaSR1 Liquid PSA Known for Pseudomonas

  • N2‐fixer

  • Biocontrol of pathogens

 Azotobacter Chrococcum Bio Azo Needs investigation

  • N2‐fixer

  • Bionematicide

 Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens Bio Gold Known for Pseudomonas

  • Bioinsecticide (flea beetles, leaf aphids, root worms)

  • Bionematicide (cyst, root‐knot, root‐lesion)

 Bacillus, Firmus, Clothianidin Poncho/Votivo Needs investigation

  • Provide silicates

  • Develop resistance for abiotic and biotic stresses in plants

 Bacillus species Si Sol B Needs investigation
Nutrient Solubilizer/Mobilizer N2‐fixation Bradyrhizobium japonicum Optimize liquid Soybean; Rhizo‐Flo Needs investigation
B. japonicum(USDA 138 for USA, 532C for Canada) Nodulest 10
Acetobacter diazotrophicus Bio Aceto
Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Penicillium bilaii TagTeam LCO
Delftia acidovorans, Bradyrhizobium japonicum Bioboost
Glomus intraradices, Rhizobium leguminosarumbv. viciae AGTIV
Bacillus subtilis HiStick N/T
Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma sp. Graph‐Ex SA
Bradyrhizobium japonicum Dyna‐Start; Vault SP
Provide inorganic and organic nutrients Pseudomonas azotoformans Amase
Improved bioavailability of phosphate and uptake of N and K Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma virens QuickRoots
Provides N and P Acidovorax facilis, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. oleronius, B. marinus, & Rhodococcus rhodochrous Accomplish LM
Iron mobilization Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidan Fe Sol B
K Mobilization through production of organic acids and enzymes Frateuria aurantia K Sol B

  • N2‐fixation

  • Phosphate mineralization

  • Increase in soil urease and dehydrogenase activity

 Azotobacter vinelandii‐B1795, Bacillus megateriumB1091, Clostridium pasteurianum, Azospirillumsp., Bacillus subtilis, Rhodobactersp., Lactobacillussp., Trichoderma reesei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Streptomycessp. Microbion UNC Known for Clostridium; needs investigation for other
Rhizobium leguminosarumbiovar viceae Nodulator XL Needs investigation
Azospirillum brasilense; Rhizobium Nitrofix and Bioenraiz
Bradyrhizobiumsp. Vault SP
Consortium of Rhizobium Rhizo‐Flo
High load of Rhizobium Primo
Acetobacter diazotrophicus(MTCC 1226), Azotobacter chroococcum (MTCC 3853), A. vinelandii(NCIM 2821), Azospirillum lipoferum(NCIM 2908), Rhizobium japonicum(NCIM 2743) Agrilife Nitrofix
Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus megaterium, B. polymyxa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptomyces albus Bactofil A 10 Known for Pseudomonas; for other needs investigation
Phosphate solubilization Bacillus subtilis Bio Phospho Needs investigation
Bacillus megaterium Bio Phos
Pseudomonas striata(NCIM 2847), Bacillus polymyxa(NCIM 2188), B. megaterium(NCIM 2087) P Sol B Known for Pseudomonas
Zinc mobilization T. thiooxidansNCIM‐5065 Zn Sol B Needs investigation
Potash solubilization Frateuria aurantia Bio Potash Needs investigation
Soil amendment Reclaim alkaline soil (oxidizes sulfur and secretes organic acids) Thiobacillus thiooxidans(NCIM 5069) S Sol B Needs investigation