Table 2.
Details of bacterial inoculants used for ecological restoration, as potential targets for studying filamentous phage‐mediated benefits
| Bacterial genera | Species | Plant growth‐promoting/bioremedifying traits | Benefits to soil, human, and plants | Filamentous phage (known/needs investigation) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrobacterium | radiobacter | Provide P and N | Vegetation restoration, Sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Belimov, Kojemiakov, and Chuvarliyeva (1995), Belimov Kunakova, et al. (1995), Bashan and Holguin (1997), Singh and Kapoor (1999) |
| tumefaciens | Degrade pesticides: atrazine, simazine, s‐triazine | Reduce human exposure to xenobiotics and carcinogens; sustainable agriculture | Prashanthi, Sundaram, Jeyaseelan, and Kaliannan (2017) | ||
| Azospirillum | amazonense, brasilense, doebereinerae | Fix nitrogen, stabilize soil, reduce nutrient load (NH4, P) from industrial water | Improve plant growth; reduce toxicant load in wastewater; sustainable agriculture; commercial biofertilizer, | Needs investigation | de‐Bashan, Moreno, Hernandez, and Bashan (2002), Eckert et al. (2001), Volpon, De‐Polli, and Döbereiner (1981), Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) |
| lipoferum | Fix nitrogen, provide vitamins, nicotinic acid, IAA, gibberellins | Restoration of arid ecosystems; growth of grasses; sustainable agriculture; commercial biofertilizer | Bashan and Holguin, (1997); Carrillo‐Garcia, Bashan, Diaz Rivera, and Bethlenfalvay (2000); Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) | ||
| Azotobacter | vinelandii | Fix nitrogen; increase growth of mangrove species | Restoration of mangrove forest; sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Bürgmann, Widmer, Sigler, and Zeyer (2003); Kathiresan and Selvam (2006) |
| chroococcum | Microbe‐assisted phytoremediation of heavy metals (Pb, Zn) | Restoration of mine | Wu, Cheung, Luo, and Wong (2006) | ||
| Acetobacter | diazotrophicus | Fix nitrogen | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) |
| Acinetobacter | baumanniiPUCM1029; calcoaceticus | Fix nitrogen; solubilize phosphate; produce IAA | Environmental restoration; sustainable agriculture | CRAϕ | Rokhbakhsh‐Zamin et al. (2011) |
| radioresistens | Degrades different pesticides | Environmental restoration; sustainable agriculture | Acinetobacter baylyi: CRAϕ | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | |
| calcoaceticus, lwoffii, venetianus, sp. RTE1.4, sp. HC8‐3S, sp. A3 | Degrade organic contaminants (crude oil, halogens, phthalate esters, phenols) in soil and water; reduce nutrient load from wastewater | Environmental restoration; wastewater treatment; sustainable industry | CRAϕ | Fondi et al. (2013); Vamsee‐Krishna, Mohan, and Phale (2006) | |
| Bradyrhizobium | japonicum | Nitrogen provider | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Rodriguez‐Navarro, Oliver, Contreras, and Ruiz‐sainz (2011) |
| Bacillus | megaterium | Fix nitrogen; promote mangrove plant growth; phytoextraction of Pb and Zn | Mangrove and mine restoration; sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Kathiresan and Selvam (2006), Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012), Wu et al. (2006) |
| licheniformis | Fix nitrogen; solubilize phosphate | Mangrove restoration | Rojas, Holguin, Glick, and Bashan (2001) | ||
| polymyxa | Solubilize phosphate | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) | ||
| mucilaginosus | Phytoextraction of heavy metals (Pb and Zn in a mine tailing) | Mine restoration | Wu et al. (2006) | ||
| Sp. | Degrade pesticides(trifluralin, endosulfan, Aldrin, lindane) | Environmental restoration, reduction of human exposure to carcinogen and genotoxicants, sustainable agriculture | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | ||
| Clostridium | glycolicum, collagenovorans | Bioremediation by volatilization of As (V) | Environmental restoration; reduce human exposure to carcinogens and genotoxicants | CAK1ϕ | Michalke, Wickenheiser, Mehring, Hirner, and Hensel (2000), Meyer, Schmidt, Michalke, and Hensel (2007) |
| Erwinia | amylovoraHSA6 | Mineralize aniline | Environmental restoration; sustainable industry, reduce human exposure to mutagenic and carcinogenic xenobiotics | Known from other members of family (Escherichia: M13ϕ, X‐2ϕ, Xϕ, f1ϕ, Ikeϕ, PR6FSϕ, C‐2ϕ, SFϕ, tf‐1ϕ, fdϕ, I2‐2ϕ, If1ϕ, AE2ϕ, Ec9ϕ, HRϕ, ZJ/2ϕ, CUS1ϕ; Yersinia:Ypfϕ; CUS2ϕ; Shigella:SfXϕ) | Li, Jin, and Yu (2010) |
| carotovora | Degrades different pesticides (pyrethroidallethrin, β‐cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, flumethrin and permethrin) | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | |||
| Enterobacter | cloacae | Remediate heavy metals (Cr VI, Pb, Cd and Ni II) and radioactive elements | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry, reduce human exposure to toxicants | Prashanthi et al. (2017), Singh, Walker, Morgan, and Wright (2004), George, Gupta, Gopal, Thomas, and Thomas (2013), Gupta, Saxena, Gopal, and Tilak (2003), Gontia‐Mishra, Sapre, Sharma, and Tiwari (2016) | |
| ludwigii | Assist wheat to tolerate drought | Sustainable agriculture | |||
| Sp.B‐14 | Degrades organopesticides (chlorpyrifos, fonofos, terbufos) | Environmental restoration, sustainable agriculture, reduce human exposure to carcinogens | |||
| Sp. RNF 267, EG‐ER‐1, KG‐ER‐1 | Promote plant growth (coconut palms and maize), fix nitrogen | Sustainable agriculture, increase crop yield | |||
| Escherichia | coli | Degrades pesticides (atrazine, simazine, s‐triazine), promote plant growth, biocontrol of pathogen by producing bacteriocin (colicins); remediation of heavy metal (Methylmercury); Siderophore production | Reduce exposure of xenotoxic toxicant, carcinogens, Bioremediation, Sustainable agriculture | Prashanthi et al. (2017), Beneduzi, Ambrosini, and Passaglia (2012), Kane et al. (2016), Searle, Méric, Porcelli, Sheppard, and Lucchini (2015) | |
| Flavobacterium | sp. | Degrade pesticides (cadusafos, diazinon, dichlorovos, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, isazofos, isofenphos, isoxathion, malathion, methylparathion, monocrotophos, paraoxon, parathion, phosphomidon and quinalphos); Solubilize phosphate | Environmental restoration, sustainable agriculture, reduce human exposure to carcinogens | Needs investigation | Prashanthi et al. (2017), Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) |
| Frateuria | aurentia | Solubilize potash | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) |
| Herbaspirillum | seropedicae, | Fix nitrogen | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) |
| rubisubalbicans | |||||
| Sp. | Degrade pesticides (trifluralin) | Environmental restoration, sustainable agriculture, reduce human exposure to carcinogens | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | ||
| Micrococcus | luteus | Degrade pesticides (aldrin and lindane) | Environmental restoration, sustainable agriculture, reduce human exposure to carcinogens | Needs investigation | Prashanthi et al. (2017) |
| yunnanensisSMJ12 | Fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, produce IAA, siderophores, and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, | Environmental restoration, sustainable agriculture | Mesa et al. (2015) | ||
| Methylobacterium | sp. CBMB20 and sp. CBMB110 | Produce cytokinin and promote sugarcane, tomato, and red pepper crop yield | Sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Madhaiyan et al. (2005), Ryu et al. (2006) |
| Neisseria | flavescens | Bioremediation of atmospheric hydrocarbons; accelerate phytoremediation of oil contaminants | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry, reduce human exposure to xenotoxicants | Known from genus (N. gonorrhoeae: NgoΦ6, NgoΦ7, NgoΦ8, NgoΦ9; N. meningitides: MDAΦ, NFϕ; MDAϕ; Nf1‐Aϕ; Nf3‐Aϕ; Nf1‐B1ϕ; B2ϕ; Nf1‐C1ϕ; C2ϕ; C3ϕ; C4ϕ; Nf4‐G2ϕ; G3ϕ; G5ϕ) | Ali et al. (2015) |
| Phyllobacterium | Sp. | Solubilize phosphate; fix nitrogen | Enhance mangrove growth | Needs investigation | Rojas et al. (2001) |
| Propionibacteria | acnes | Bioremediation of atmospheric hydrocarbons and accelerate phytoremediation of oil contaminants | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry | B5ϕ | Ali et al. (2015) |
| Sp. | Provide nitrogen | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Sellstedt and Richau (2013) | ||
| Pseudomonas | aeruginosaUCP1567 | Degradation and decolorization of Black B azo dye | Environmental restoration; reduce exposure of xenotoxic toxicants and carcinogens; bioremediation; sustainable agriculture | Known from genus (P. aeruginosa Pf1ϕ; Pf2ϕ; Pf3ϕ; Pf4ϕ; Pf5ϕ; Pf7ϕ; Pf‐LESB58ϕ) | Vilar Jr, Cavalcanti, da Silva, Andrade, and Campos‐Takaki (2015) |
| aeruginosa | Degrade pesticides (HCH, endosulfan) | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | |||
| cepacia | Degrade pesticides (endosulfan) | ||||
| diminuta | Degrade pesticides (chlorpyrifos, fonofos, terbufos) | ||||
| fluorescens | Degrade pesticides (oxadiazon, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuronmethyl); enhance metal uptake in plants | Prashanthi et al (2017), Berg (2009), Vessey, (2003), Chanway, (1997) | |||
| fluorescens | Biopesticide for fungus | Sustainable agriculture of cotton | Wang, Wang, and Zhou (2004) | ||
| maltophilia | Capable of degrading pesticides: Dicamba | Environmental restoration, sustainable agriculture | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | ||
| pseudoalcaligenes | Degrade pesticides (aldrin and lindane) | ||||
| putida | Degrade pesticides (Cadusafos, diazinon, dichlorovos, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, gramoxone, HCH, isazofos, isofenphos, isoxathion, malathion, matancha, methylparathion, monocrotophos, paraoxon, phosphomidon, parathion, quinalphos, vinclozolin) | ||||
| spinosa | Degrade pesticides (endosulfan) | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | |||
| stutzeri | Degrade pesticides (pyrethroidallethrin, β‐cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, flumethrin and permethrin) | ||||
| striata, rathonis | Solubilize phosphate | Revegetation,sustainable agriculture | Pindi and Satyanarayana (2012) | ||
| vesicularis, diminuta | Enhance growth of algae (Chlorella) | Mouget, Dakhama, Lavoie, and Noüe (1995) | |||
| Sp. | Degrade pesticides (2,4‐D, atrazine, chlorotoluron, diuron, isoproturon, linuron, monolinuron, propoxur, simazine, s‐triazine, trifluralin); Pentachlorophenol; produce cytokinin | Environmental restoration; sustainable agriculture and industry; disease resistance in plants | Prashanthi et al. (2017) | ||
| Pseudoalteromonas | haloplanktis | Bioremediation of mercury in aquatic environment | Environmental restoration, ecotoxicity prevention, sustainable industry | Known from other members of family (Pseudomonas: Pf1ϕ; Pf2ϕ; Pf3ϕ; Pf4ϕ; Pf5ϕ; Pf7ϕ; Pf‐LESB58ϕ) | Lohara et al. (2001) |
| sp. SCSE709–6 | Bioremediation of Cd(II) under high salinity, pH, and temperature | Zhou, Zhang, Ma, Zhou, and Zhang (2013) | |||
| Rhizobium | leguminosarum | Provide nitrogen | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Young et al. (2006); NFTA (1986) |
| sp. | Siderophore (carboxylate) production | Mosa, Saadoun, Kumar, Helmy, and Dhankher (2016) | |||
| sp. | IAA producer | Datta and Basu (2000), Bhattacharyya and Pati (2000) | |||
| sp. | Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils | Reduce exposure of xenotoxicants, carcinogens, bioremediation | Wei and Ma (2010) | ||
| Remediation of As contaminated sites | Reichman (2007), Carrasco et al. (2005) | ||||
| galegae | Remediation of benzene, toluene, and/or xylene (BTX) from soil | Good growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and a strong rhizosphere occurred in soils contaminated with oil or spiked with m‐toluate, a model compound representing BTX | Suominen, Jussila, Mäkeläinen, Romantschuk, and Lindström (2000) | ||
| Ralstonia | basilensis | Capable of degrading pesticides: Atrazine, simazine, s‐triazine | Environmental restoration, sustainable agriculture | Known from genus (R. solanacearum: PE226ϕ; RSM1ϕ; RSS1ϕ; RSM3ϕ; RSS0ϕ; p12Jϕ) | Prashanthi et al. (2017) |
| solanacearum | Bioremediation of atmospheric hydrocarbons; accelerate phytoremediation of oil contaminants | Ali et al. (2015) | |||
| pickettii | Solubilize phosphate | Kailasan and Vamanrao (2015) | |||
| Sinorhizobium | fredii | Fix nitrogen | Sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Rodriguez‐Navarro et al. (2011) |
| meliloti | Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) | a promising bioremediation strategy for aged PAH‐contaminated soils | Teng et al. (2011) | ||
| Shewanella | oneidensis | Bioremediation of heavy metals and radionuclide Cr(VI), Fe(III), Mn(IV), U(VI), and V(V). | Environmental restoration; sustainable agriculture; reduce human exposure to genotoxicants | SW1ϕ | Fredrickson et al. (2008) |
| Sp. | Provide indole; solubilize phosphate | Environmental restoration; sustainable agriculture | Fredrickson et al. (2008) | ||
| Shigella | flexneri | Bioremediation of hydrocarbons and oil from soil | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry | SfXϕ | Duniya, Maikaje, Umar, Ponchang, and Daniel (2016) |
| Stenotrophomonas | acidaminiphila | Degrade pesticides (Pyrethroidallethrin, β‐cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, flumethrin and permethrin) | Environmental restoration; sustainable agriculture | Known from genus (S. maltophilia:SMA9ϕ; SHP2ϕ) | Prashanthi et al. (2017) |
| maltophilia | Tolerate salt; provide resistance in wheat against biotic and abiotic stress | Singh and Jha (2017) | |||
| maltophilia | Bioremediation of atmospheric hydrocarbons; accelerate phytoremediation of oil contaminants | Ali et al. (2015) | |||
| Salinicola | peritrichatus SMJ30 | Solubilize phosphate; produce IAA, siderophores and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase; fix nitrogen | Environmental restoration; sustainable agriculture | Needs investigation | Mesa et al. (2015) |
| Thermus | scotoductus | Bioremediation of toxic metals and radionuclides (Cr, Fe, Co, Tc, U, etc.) in the hot spring wastewater or heated nuclear waste streams. | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry, hazardous waste management, wastewater treatment | Known from genus (T. Thermophiles: PH75ϕ) | Opperman and van Heerden (2008), Slobodkin (2005) |
| thermophilus | Root stabilizer | Sustainable agriculture | Singh, Sarma, and Keswani (2017), Stetter (1999) | ||
| HR13 | Bioremediation of from hot waste water and anaerobic condition | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry | Gihring and Banfield (2001) | ||
| Sp. | Bioremediation of minerals selenite and tellurite | Slobodkin, Sokolova, Lysenko, and Wiegel (2006), Sokolova et al. (2004), Chiong, Barra, González, and Vásquez (1988), Chiong, González, Barra, and Vásquez (1988) | |||
| Vibrio | fischeri | Degrade pesticides (diuron, chlorotoluron, isoproturon, monolinuron and linuron) | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry | Known from genus (V. cholera:493ϕ; CTXϕ; fs1ϕ; fs2ϕ; v6ϕ; Vf12ϕ; Vf33ϕ; VSKϕ; CTXϕ; pre‐CTXϕ; KSF‐1ϕ; VEJϕ; ND1‐fs1ϕ; VCYϕ; VGJϕ; VSKKϕ; VfO4K68ϕ; VfO3K6 (f237)ϕ; VfO3K6ϕ; CTX‐nctϕ) | Prashanthi et al. (2017) |
| sagamiensisSMJ18 | Fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphates, produce IAA, siderophores, and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. | Vegetation restoration, sustainable agriculture | Mesa et al. (2015) | ||
| Xanthomonas | axonopodis | IAA producer | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry | XacF1ϕ | Costacurta, Mazzafera, and Rosato (1998); Ahmad et al. (2014) |
| Yersinia | frederiksenii | Degrade pesticides (pyrethroidallethrin, β‐cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, flumethrin and permethrin) | Environmental restoration, sustainable industry | Known from genus (Y.pestis: Ypfϕ; CUS2ϕ) | Prashanthi et al. (2017) |