Table 3.

Association between oral behavior checklist and TMD dysfunction

Oral behavior checklist	Total (n = 282)	With TMD dysfunction (n = 106)	Without TMD dysfunction (n = 176)	P value
Clench or grind teeth when asleep, based on any information you may have	52	29 (27%)	23 (13%)	7
Sleep in a position that puts pressure on the jaw	117	61 (58%)	56 (32%)	<0.001
Grind teeth together during waking hours	37	25 (24%)	12 (7%)	<0.001
Clench teeth together during waking hours	59	38 (36%)	21 (12%)	<0.001
Press, touch, or hold teeth together other than while eating	76	45 (42%)	31 (18%)	<0.001
Hold, tighten, or tense muscles without clenching or bringing teeth together	40	21 (20%)	19 (11%)	0.03
Hold or jut jaw forward or to the side	31	18 (17%)	13 (7%)	0.01
Press tongue forcibly against teeth	29	15 (14%)	14 (8%)	0.09
Place tongue between teeth	33	19 (18%)	14 (8%)	0.01
Bite, chew, or play with your tongue, cheeks, or lips	78	40 (38%)	38 (22%)	0.003
Hold jaw in rigid or tense position	32	22 (21%)	10 (6%)	<0.001
Hold between the teeth or bite objects	52	31 (29%)	21 (12%)	<0.001
Use chewing gum	131	54 (51%)	77 (44%)	0.24
Lean with your hand on the jaw, such as cupping or resting the chin in the hand	103	49 (46%)	54 (31%)	0.009
Chew food on one side only	110	52 (49%)	58 (33%)	0.007
Eating between meals	146	58 (55%)	88 (50%)	0.44
Sustained talking	122	53 (50%)	69 (39%)	0.08
Yawning	139	62 (58%)	76 (43%)	0.01
Hold telephone between your head and shoulders	118	52 (49%)	66 (38%)	0.06

Note. Those who answered “yes” and “sometimes” were grouped into one category (with TMD dysfunction). Those who answered “>1 night/month” were considered as yes. TMD: temporomandibular disorders.