Hemimegalencephaly before and after hemispherectomy. The entire right hemisphere was removed because of intractable epilepsy, replaced by mere cerebrospinal fluid (bright white). The child, who had suffered dozen of seizures a day, and was weak on the left because of the abnormal hemisphere, did very well after the surgery, going on to learn to walk, speak fluently, and read at grade level. Adapted from Poduri et al (Poduri et al., 2012).