Table 2.
Summary of atypical porcine pestivirus studies.
| Year | Country | Serology | Strength(s) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | United States | + | Virus discovered by next-generation sequencing | (9) |
| 2016 | United States | – | Experimental inoculation in fetuses (45 and 62 days of gestation) | (10) |
| 2016 | Netherlands | – | Experimental intramuscular inoculation (32 days of gestation) | (2) |
| 2016 | Germany | – | Detection of APPV genome by fluorescent in-situ hybridization/Detection in adult domestic pigs/Virus isolation was attempted (failed) | (15) |
| 2016 | Germany | – | First indication of a cell culture isolate is provided/Detection in adult domestic pigs | (16) |
| 2017 | Austria | + | Persistent infection condition was suggested/Virus isolation (inefficient) | (3) |
| 2017 | China | – | Viral strains showed highly genetic diversity | (30) |
| 2017 | China | – | Suggested APPV origin and dissemination/Virus isolation attempted (failed) | (22) |
| 2017 | Great Britain | – | First detection in the country | (28) |
| 2017 | Spain | + | Retrospective study (virus was identified at least since 1997)/Detection in adult domestic pigs | (21) |
| 2017 | Switzerland/China/Great Britain/Germany/Italy/Republic of Serbia/Taiwan | + | Geographically wide distribution of genetically highly variable APPV and high APPV genome detection | (29) |
| 2017 | South Korea | – | First detection in the country | (23) |
| 2018 | China | – | Suggested a novel APPV strain in China | (31) |
| 2018 | Brazil | – | First detection in Brazil/Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were used | (4) |
| 2018 | Brazil | – | Sequencing and analysis of the partial NS5B gene | (24) |
| 2018 | Brazil | – | High lethality and coinfection with porcine teschovirus (PTV) | (25) |
| 2018 | United States | – | Detection in semen, preputial swabs, and preputial fluids from boar studs | (32) |
| 2018 | China | – | Identification and characterization of two possible strains | (33) |
| 2018 | Germany/Republic of Servia | + | First detection in wild boars/Detection of APPV-antibodies in wild boars from the Republic of Serbia | (34) |
| 2018 | Hungary | + | First detection in this country/Distinct lineages were reported, suggesting multiple introduction events of the virus | (27) |
| 2018 | Canada | – | First detection in the country | (26) |
| 2018 | Spain | – | Detection in wild boars/Low prevalence | (35) |
| 2018 | Brazil | – | APPV-associated with pathological lesions | (36) |