Figure 5.

Non-Error based motor adaptation in 50% of dopamine (DA) deficiency condition with/without levodopa medication. (A) Results of ball throwing tasks performed by healthy people and Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. During experiment, a dove prism was used to horizontally flip subjects' vision as perturbation. This figure was adapted from Gutierrez-Garralda et al. (2013) with permission. (B) Simulation results with levodopa medication. Levodopa means the condition of 50% dopamine deficiency with levodopa medication ([LDOPA] = 1.0). Colored center markers (triangle or circle) are average error values of 8 sessions and error bars represent standard errors. 1 session = 75 trials (Baseline = 25 trials, Prism (visual perturbation) = 25 trials and Aftereffects = 25 trials).