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. 2019 Feb 27;9:2896. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39194-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro effect of phytochemicals extracted from B. pilosa on E. tenella sporozoite invasion and viability. (a) MDBK cells were pre-incubated with PBS vehicle, salinomycin (Sal), 3 polyynes (CPD1, CPD2 and CPD3) and chlorogenic acid (CA) at the indicated doses for 0.5 h, followed by additional incubation with sporozoites using the same procedure as in Fig. 3. The invasion percentage (%) is presented on a bar graph. (b) The same sporozoites as (a) were examined for viability. Their viability (%) was determined and plotted into a bar graph (b). P < 0.05 (*) was considered to be statistically significant.