Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as measures of epigenetic age acceleration in the first and second cohorts
| Cohort | First cohort Japanese, Blood | Second cohort Japanese, Blood | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Schizophrenia | p-value | Control | Schizophrenia | p-value | |
| Characteristics | ||||||
| Number | 40 (4 pools) | 80 (8 pools) | 23 | 24 | ||
| Sex (male/female) | 20/20 | 40/40 | 1.000b | 10/13 | 11/13 | 0.871b |
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 39.7 ± 11.6 | 40.5 ± 11.7 | 0.732c | 31.9 ± 9.7 | 30.9 ± 10.5 | 0.726c |
| Duration of illness (years) (mean ± SD) | — | 15.7 ± 11.3 | — | — | ||
| Antipsychotic dosea (mg/day) (mean ± SD) | — | 746 ± 732 | — | Medication-free | ||
| GAF score (mean ± SD) | — | 34.0 ± 11.0 | — | — | ||
| BPRS score (mean ± SD) | — | 54.4 ± 13.7 | — | — | ||
| Measures of epigenetic age acceleratione | ||||||
| AgeAccel (years) (median [IQR]) | 1.053 (0.520, 1.318) | 0.101 (−1.182, 0.579) | 0.154d | 0.499 (−2.743, 2.656) | −0.292 (−2.934, 1.258) | 0.548d |
| IEAA (years) (median [IQR]) | −0.071 (−0.548, 0.301) | 0.339 (−0.448, 0.848) | 0.461d | 0.396 (−2.366, 1.932) | −0.502 (−1.363, 0.680) | 0.744d |
| EEAA (years) (median [IQR]) | 2.430 (1.377, 3.147) | −0.957 (−1.398, −0.746) | 0.0162 d | 0.491 (−1.720, 3.931) | −0.930 (−4.149, 1.314) | 0.185d |
AgeAccel universal epigenetic age acceleration, IEAA intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, EEAA extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning, BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range
Boldface type indicates significance
aAntipsychotic dose was calculated with chlorpromazine equivalents at blood draw
bp-value was calculated using χ2-test
cp-value was calculated using Student’s t-test
dp-value was calculated using Mann–Whitney U-test
eMeasures of epigenetic age acceleration in the first cohort were calculated using pooled DNA samples