Table 3.
Characteristics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation carriers and the occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during follow-up
| HCM during follow-up (5.6 ± 2.9 years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Yes (n = 13) | No (n = 67) | p-value |
| Age (years) | 45 ± 18 | 39 ± 13 | 0.15 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 6 (46) | 48 (72) | 0.07 |
| Romhilt-Estes ≥4, n (%) | 2 (15) | 5 (8) | 0.36 |
| Pathological Q wave, n (%) | 2 (15) | 1 (2) | 0.02 |
| T-wave inversion, n (%) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |
| Maximal wall thickness (mm) | 10.6 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 1.8 | 0.01 |
| Left atrial dimension (mm) | 37 ± 5 | 36 ± 4 | 0.26 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 46 ± 5 | 46 ± 5 | 0.89 |
| E wave (m/s) | 0.77 ± 0.16 | 0.77 ± 0.18 | 0.94 |
| A wave (m/s) | 0.57 ± 0.17 | 0.57 ± 0.17 | 0.99 |
| E/A ratio | 1.49 ± 0.52 | 1.48 ± 0.58 | 0.97 |
| Deceleration time (ms) | 176 ± 31 | 180 ± 46 | 0.81 |
| e’ (cm/s) | 9.0 ± 2.7 | 9.4 ± 2.5 | 0.62 |
| E/e’ ratio | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 0.58 |
| Abnormal diastolic function, n (%) | 3 (23) | 7 (11) | 0.25 |
| Global longitudinal strain (%) | −21.4 ± 2.5 | −21.5 ± 2.3 | 0.81 |
| Basal longitudinal strain (%) | −20.4 ± 3.0 | −20.3 ± 3.5 | 0.93 |
| Mid-LV longitudinal strain (%) | −21.2 ± 2.9 | −21.7 ± 2.5 | 0.53 |
| Apex longitudinal strain (%) | −25.4 ± 3.1 | −24.0 ± 3.6 | 0.21 |
| LVEF (%) | 63 ± 5 | 60 ± 5 | 0.08 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or absolute and %
ECG electrocardiography, HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, LV left ventricle, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction