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. 2019 Feb 27;9:2953. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39007-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ly6C^loCX₃CR1^hi macrophages directly accelerate hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. (A) Schematic of the experimental design. Normal hepatocytes (HCs) were co-cultured with the CM from 24 h Ly6C^hiCX₃CR1^lo macrophages or 72 h Ly6C^loCX₃CR1^hi macrophages. (B) Representative images of hepatocytes pulsed with EdU and the quantification of hepatocyte proliferation are shown. Scale bar, 50 μm. (C) Differential expression of the indicated genes measured by qPCR in 24 h Ly6C^hiCX₃CR1^lo macrophages and 72 h Ly6C^loCX₃CR1^hi macrophages, presented relative to Gapdh. (D) Hepatocytes were co-cultured with the CM from 72 h Ly6C^loCX₃CR1^hi macrophages or supplemented with the c-Met kinase inhibitor PHA665752 (2.5 μM). Representative images of hepatocytes pulsed with EdU (left panel) and the quantification of hepatocyte proliferation (right panel) are shown. Scale bar, 50 μm. The data shown are representative of at least two independent experiments (n = 3/group). The results represent means ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).