Table 2.
Comparison of outcome measures between MBTs and inactive control conditions.
| Sleep parameters | Studies | SMDs (95% CI) | p-value | I2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n) | (overall effect) | Value (%) | (heterogeneity) | ||
| PSQI | 24 | -0.58 (-0.79, -0.36) | <0.001 | 85.6% | <0.001 |
| Meditation | 5 | -1.06 (-1.96, -0.17) | 0.020 | 93.1% | <0.001 |
| Tai Chi | 4 | -0.55 (-1.23, 0.13) | 0.116 | 87.7% | <0.001 |
| Qigong | 4 | -0.61 (-1.20, -0.03) | 0.039 | 87.1% | <0.001 |
| Yoga | 10 | -0.39 (-0.59, -0.18) | <0.001 | 65.6% | 0.002 |
| ISI | 5 | -0.36 (-0.56, -0.15) | 0.001 | 0.00% | 0.838 |
| Objective-SE | 3 | 0.20 (-0.13, 0.52) | 0.232 | 51.4% | 0.041 |
| Objective-SOL | 4 | -0.03 (-0.20, 0.14) | 0.728 | 0.0% | 0.513 |
| Objective-TST | 3 | 0.19 (-0.07, 0.45) | 0.156 | 0.0% | 0.419 |
| Objective-WASO | 4 | 0.07 (-0.50, 0.63) | 0.816 | 87.3% | <0.001 |
| Self-reported-SE | 1 | 0.67 (-0.18, 1.52) | 0.123 | — | — |
| Self-reported-SOL | 3 | -0.44 (-0.77, -0.11) | 0.008 | 7.0% | 0.341 |
| Self-reported-TST | 3 | 0.49 (-0.11, 1.09) | 0.106 | 64.8% | 0.058 |
| Self-reported-WASO | 1 | -0.47 (-1.31,0.37) | 0.270 | — | — |
Note. Bold data indicate significant effect size.