Table 1.
MESA Sleep and Air pollution sample characteristics
| Total % (n) N = 1,974 | |
|---|---|
| Age, yr*, mean (SD) | 68.4 (9.2) |
| Percentage men (n)* | 45.9 (905) |
| BMI, kg/m2*, mean (SD) | 28.7 (5.6) |
| Percentage married (n)† | 60.5 (1,176) |
| Percentage smokers (former/current) (n)*† | 45.2 (886) |
| Percentage depressed, CES-D > 16 (n)† | 14.4 (279) |
| Percentage hypertensive*† | 57.5 (1,134) |
| Percentage diabetic*† | 39.9 (780) |
| Percentage race/ethnicity, n*† | |
| White | 35.9 (708) |
| Chinese-American | 12.2 (240) |
| African-American | 28.0 (553) |
| Hispanic | 24.0 (473) |
| Total family income, $† | n |
| <20,000 | 20.6 (394) |
| 20–49,999 | 33.8 (647) |
| 50,000–99,999 | 27.5 (528) |
| ≥100,000 | 18.2 (348) |
| Education level† | n |
| High school or less | 31.6 (622) |
| Some college/technical/associate | 29.1 (574) |
| Bachelor degree or more | 39.3 (774) |
| Site*† | n |
| Winston-Salem, NC (Wake Forest) | 14.7 (291) |
| New York City, NY (Columbia) | 17.9 (354) |
| Baltimore, MD (Johns Hopkins University) | 14.6 (289) |
| St. Paul, MN (University of Minnesota) | 17.1 (338) |
| Chicago, IL (Northwestern University) | 18.9 (373) |
| Los Angeles, CA (University of California, Los Angeles) | 16.7 (329) |
| Census-tract SES† | Median (IQR) |
| Percentage unemployed males > 25 yr old | 6 (3–10) |
| Percentage households below poverty | 11 (6–20) |
| Percentage professional occupation | 34 (23–50) |
| Percentage less than high school education | 19 (10–32) |
| Census-tract low-SES composite† | % n |
| Percentage low-SES neighborhood (n) | 34.7 (685) |
Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression; IQR = interquartile range; NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; SD = standard deviation; SES = socioeconomic status.
*
Significant difference by obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 vs. < 15), P < 0.05.
†
Significant difference by NO2 quartile, P < 0.05.