Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Sample size (T/C) | Sex M/F | Age (years) range, mean | Country | Diagnosis standards | Intervention | Control | Course of treatment | Outcomes | Adverse reactions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al., 2004 | 94 (47/47) | T: 18/16, C: 17/13 |
T: 60 ± 8, C: 60 ± 8 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) | Breviscapine injection (20 ml, ivgtt, qd) + control | Lisinopril (5–10 mg, po, tid), 25mg, tid | 2 weeks | 24 h UTP, SBP, DBP, B2M, TC, TG, LDL, LDH –C, Hct, PAGT, Fib | T: 2 cases of dry cough, C: 3 cases of dry cough |
| Wei and Tan, 2005 | 76 (40/36) | T: 30/10, C: 28/8 | T: 63.5, C: 64.3 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) | Breviscapine injection (20 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Amlodipine (5 mg, po, qd)+ Captopril (25 mg, po, tid) | 4 weeks | 24 h UTP, BUN, Scr, blood B2M, Urine B2M | T: 1 showed mild facial flushing during infusion, C: None |
| Ren and Wu, 2006 | 60 (30/30) | T: 21/9, C: 22/8 |
T: 44 −75, C: 43–74 |
China | CGMY (2004) | Breviscapine injection (30 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Captopril (25–75 mg, po, qd) or Nifedipine (20–60 mg, po, qd) | 4 weeks | Clinical efficacy, 24 h UTP, BUN, Scr, | T: 2 cases of dry cough, C: 1 cases of mild head inflation |
| Zheng, 2006 | 72 (37/35) | T: 22/13, C: 23/14 | T: 41–73, C: 42–71 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) | Breviscapine injection (30 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Captopril (25–75 mg, po, bid or tid) or Nifedipine (10–60 mg, po, bid or tid) | 4 weeks | 24 h UTP, BUN,Scr, | T: 2 cases of cough, C: 1 cases of mild head inflation |
| Chen et al., 2008 | 57 (28/29) | T: 19/9, C: 20/9 |
T:45.6 ± 20.3, C: 46.4 ± 21.1 |
China | CGMY (2004) | Breviscapine injection (20 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Benazapril (no details) | 4 weeks | Clinical efficacy, 24 h UTP, BUN, Scr„ Ccr | T: 2 cases of head swelling, dizziness during infusion, C: 1 case of cough |
| Ye, 2009 | 75 (40/35) | T: 24/16, C: 20/15 |
T: 47.3 ± 18.2, C: 46.9 ± 16.1 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) and CGMY (2005) | Breviscapine injection (5 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Losartan Potassium (100 mg, po, qd) | 4 weeks | 24 h UTP, Scr„ Ccr, Urine B2M, SBP, DBP | T: 1 case of dizziness, C: None |
| He and Gen, 2010 | 168 (84/84) | T: 49/35, C: 48/36 |
T: 69 ± 11, C: 68 ± 11 |
China | CGMY (2005) | Breviscapine injection (20 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Captopril (12.5–50 mg, po, tid) | 30 days | Clinical efficacy, SBP, DBP, 24 h UTP, Scr, BUN | T: 5 cases of dry cough, C: 3 cases of dry cough |
| Wang and Lan, 2012 | 103 (52/51) | Unclear | T: 62.4 ± 4.8, C: 62.4 ± 4.8 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) and Nephrology (Haiyan Wang) | Breviscapine injection (10 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Lisinopril (20 mg, po, qd) | 30 days | Clinical efficacy, SBP, DBP, 24 h UTP, Scr, BUN | T: 1 cases of dry cough, C: 2 cases of dry cough |
| Liu, 2012 | 50 (26/24) | T: 12/14, C: 10/14 |
T: 55 ± 4, C: 53 ± 5 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) and CGMY (2005) | Breviscapine injection (10 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Benazapril (10 mg, po, bid) | 2 weeks | SBP, DBP, Urinary microalbumin | Not reported |
| Huang et al., 2013 | 63 (33/30) | T: 24/9, C: 19/11 |
Unclear | China | CGMY (2004) | Breviscapine injection (20 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Felodipine (5 mg, po, qd)+ Aspirin (100 mg, po, qd) | 4 weeks | Clinical efficacy, SBP, DBP, 24 h UTP, Scr, BUN, TC, TG, blood glucose | T: 2 cases of limb skin redness, C:None. |
| Ye, 2013 | 48 (24/24) | T: 16/8, C: 14/10 |
T: 53.0 ± 9.3, C: 49.0 ± 11.6 |
China | CGMY (2010) | Breviscapine injection (12 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Antihypertensive Drugs (no details) + Prostaglandin E injection (2 ml, ivgtt, qd) | 30 days | Clinical efficacy, 24 h UTP, TC, TG, Scr, BUN, | Not reported |
| Qiao, 2015 | 158 (79/79) | Unclear | T: 48.01 ± 3.15, C: 48.01 ± 3.15 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) and CGMY (2005) | Breviscapine injection (5 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Captopril (25–75 mg, po, tid) or Nifedipine (10–60 mg, po, tid) | 4 weeks | Clinical efficacy, SBP, DBP, 224 h UTP, Scr, BUN | Not reported |
| Zhao and Dong, 2016 | 80 40/40) | Unclear | T: 52.5 ± 7.1, C: 52.5 ± 7.1 |
China | CGMY (2010) | Breviscapine injection (5 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Benazapril (5 mg, po, qd) | 4 weeks | Col–IV, LN, P III P, ET−1, MMP−9, NO, EILA, EISA, VOI, SBP, DBP | None |
| Ma, 2018 | 66 (33/33) | T: 19/14, C: 20/13 |
T: 48.00 ± 3.14, C: 48.99 ± 2.98 |
China | GMY (1999WHO–ISH) and CGMY (2005) | Breviscapine injection (5 mL, ivgtt, qd) + control | Losartan Potassium (100 mg, po, qd) | 4 weeks | Urine B2M, SBP, DBP, 24 h UTP, Scr, Ccr | Not reported |
T, treatment group; C, control group; GMY (1999 WHO-ISH), The 1999 WHO-ISH Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension; CGMY (2004), 2004 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension; CGMY (2010), 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension; CGMY (2014), 2014 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension; Guiding Principles (2002), Guiding Principles of Clinical Research on New Drugs of Chinese Medicines (2002); Scr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ccr, creatinine clearance rate; 24 h UTP, 24-h urinary total protein; B2M, beta-2-microglobulin; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides. PAGT, platelet aggregation rate; Fib, fibrinogen;Hct, hematocrit; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LDH-C, lactate dehydrogenase C; Col-IV, collagen IV, LN, laminin; P III P, procollagen-III-peptide; ET-1, endothelin 1; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; EILA, elasticity index of large arter; EISA, elasticity index of small artery; VOI, vascular overload index.