Table 3:

Selected machine learning approaches that have been applied to big data in public health

Approach	Learning type	Usage Examples
K-means clustering	Unsupervised	Hot spot detection(5)
Retrospective Event Detection	Unsupervised	Case ascertainment(34)
Content Analysis	Unsupervised	Public health surveillance(38)
K-nearest neighbors clustering	Supervised	Spatio-temporal hot spot detection;(133) Clinical outcomes from genetic data; falls from wearable sensors
Naïve Bayes	Supervised	Acute gastrointestional syndrome surveillance; (51)
Neural Networks	Supervised	Identifying microcalcification clusters in digital mammograms;(100) predicting mortality in head trauma patients;(31) predicting influenza vaccination outcome(127)
Support Vector Machines	Supervised	Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; (12) detection of depression through Twitter posts(27)
Decision trees	Supervised	Identifying infants at high risk for serious bacterial infections;(9) comparing cost-effectiveness of different influenza treatments;(116) and physical activity from wearable sensors(101)