There is a broad spectrum of epigenetic biomarkers in oncology, but those related to methylation and microRNA (miRNA) copy number variation or changed expression seem to be the most promising.

There are a few diagnostics assays that provide prognostic and predictive information.

Epigenetic alterations have been identified in many solid tumors in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material; however, it seems that miRNAs and circulating tumor DNA are the most promising biological material to work with in personalized oncology.