Table 1.
Combination Checkpoint Inhibition Trials in GBM
| Checkpoint inhibitor | Additional therapy | Phase | Clinical trials | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dual Checkpoint blockade | New diagnosis GBM | CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | PD-1 (nivolumab) | I | NCT02311920 |
| rGBM | PD-1 (nivolumab) | Anti-LAG-3(BMS 986016) or anti CD137(urelumab) | I | NCT02658981 | |
| refractory solid tumors | PD-1 (nivolumab) | anti-CD-27 (varlilumab) | I/II | NCT02335918 | |
| Advanced refractory cancers | PD-1 (nivolumab) | Intratumoral IDO1 inhibitor (INT230-6) | I/II | NCT03058289 | |
| Advanced cancers | PD-1 (nivolumab) | IDO1 inhibitor (epacadostat) | I/II | NCT02327078 | |
| rHGG | PD-L1 (durvalumab) | CTLA-4 (tremelimumab) | II | NCT02794883 | |
| Vaccines | New diagnosis GBM | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | HSPPC-96 | II |
NCT03018288 AVeRT |
| rHGG | PD-1 (nivolumab) | pp65 DC | I | NCT02529072 | |
| rGBM | PD-1 (nivolumab) | DCVAX-L | II | NCT03014804 | |
| Oncolytic virus | rGBM | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | DNX-2401 | II | NCT02798406 |
| Radiation | rHGG | pembro | hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation | I | NCT02313272 |
| rGBM | nivo | SRS + Valproic acid | I | NCT02648633 | |
| rHGG | nivo | hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation | I | NCT02829931 | |
| rGBM | PD-L1 (durvalumab) | hypofractionated stereotactic irradiation | I/II | STERIMGLI - NCT02866747 | |
| Laser ablation | rHGG | MK-3475 | MRI-guided laser ablation | I/II | NCT02311582 |
| CSF-1R inibition | rHGG | nivo | CSF-1r inhibitor (BLZ945) | I/II | NCT02526017 |
| rGBM | PD-1 (PDR001) | CSF-1r inhibitor (FPA008) | I | NCT02829723 | |
| TGF-beta | advanced solid tumors | nivo | TGF-beta inhibiotr (Galunisertib) | I/II | NCT02423343 |
rHGG recurrent high grade glioma, rGBM recurrent glioblastoma, SRS stereotactic radiosurgery