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. 2019 Feb 19;19(2):1–86.

Table A2:

Risk of Bias for Non-randomized Studies Investigating the Effectiveness of Compression Stockings

Selective Reporting Selection of Participants Confounding Variablesa Classification of Interventions Deviation From Intended Interventions Incomplete Outcome Data Measurement Outcomes Selective Reporting
Samson & Showalter 199631 No limitations Unclear No limitations No limitations No limitations No limitations No limitations
Dinn & Henry29 No limitations Unclear No limitations No limitations No limitations No limitations No limitations
Reich-Schupke 200930 No limitations Unclear No limitations No limitations No limitations No limitations No limitations
a

Lack of control for confounding variables is an inherent limitation in observational studies.