Table 1.

Changes in T cell subpopulations and serum cytokine concentrations in the peripheral blood of patients with IgA nephropathy

T cell subpopulation	Alterations compared with		References
	Healthy control	Other CKD as a control
Th1
% in PBL	↓/N	n.d.	[15, 16]
IFN-γ	↓/↑	n.d.	[15, 29, 78]
IL-2	↑	n.d.	[29, 78]
Th2
% in PBL	↑	n.d.	[15]
IL-4	↑	n.d.	[29, 78]
IL-5	↑	n.d.	[15]
IL-6	↑	n.d	[13]
Th17
% in PBL	↑	↑	[13–16]
IL-17A	↑	n.d.	[13, 15, 18, 29, 78]
Th22
% in PBL	↑	↑	[14, 16]
IL-22	↑	↑	[14]
Tfh
% in PBL	↑	n.d.	[17]
IL-21	↑	n.d.	[13, 17, 78]
Tc
% in PBL	N	n.d	[62]
Treg
Treg % in PBL	↓	n.d	[15, 19]
Activated Treg % in PBL	↓	n.d.	[13]
Resting Treg % in PBL	N	n.d.	[13]
iTreg % in PBL	↓	n.d.	[18]
nTreg % in PBL	N	n.d.	[18]
IL-10	↓/↑	n.d.	[13, 15, 18, 29, 78]
TGF-β1	↑/N/↓	n.d.	[13, 18, 32]
γδ T cells
% in PBL	↑	n.d.	[20]

Disagreement in literature was shown using slash

CKD chronic kidney disease, PBL peripheral blood lymphocytes, ↑ increased versus control, ↓ decreased versus control, N unchanged versus control