Table 1.

Cytokine assay of non-transgenic littermates, RD2- and placebo-treated mice

[pg/ml]	ntg	Placebo	RD2	Statistic
IL-1α	23.54 ± 4.89	24.42 ± 2.16*	15.1 ± 2.18*	Placebo vs. ntg n.s. RD2 vs. placebo p < 0.05 RD2 vs. ntg n.s.
IL-10	22.17 ± 5.76	39.44 ± 18.52	26.89 ± 6.78	n.s.
IL-12 (p40)	191.7 ± 19.39	187.0 ± 24.30	208.9 ± 18.22	n.s.
IL-13	147.9 ± 26.83	106.8 ± 32.31	176.2 ± 44.57	n.s.
IL-17	2.25 ± 0.42	5.03 ± 1.53	5.85 ± 1.80	n.s.
G-CSF	187.6 ± 61.63	116.2 ± 29.08	118.2 ± 19.14	n.s.
IFN-γ	16.67 ± 3.46	11.09 ± 2.19	18.38 ± 4.89	n.s.
MCP-1	131.2 ± 19.31	156.4 ± 26.47	146.0 ± 27.46	n.s.
MIP-1α	31.97 ± 3.31*	14.75 ± 2.23*	28.03 ± 6.02	Placebo vs. ntg p < 0.05 RD2 vs. placebo n.s. RD2 vs. ntg n.s.
MIP-1β	19.72 ± 3.99	22.23 ± 4.15	30.27 ± 6.93	n.s.
RANTES	27.15 ± 10.4	16.55 ± 4.32	25.88 ± 9.57	n.s.
TNF-α	64.12 ± 7.32	87.89 ± 14.02	106.6 ± 28.51	n.s.

For the evaluation of a potential change in the amount of different cytokines, a Bio-Plex Pro Mouse Cytokine 23-plex Assay was performed with heparinized plasma samples of non-transgenic littermates (ntg), RD2- and placebo-treated mice. Data revealed a significant reduction in IL-1α due to RD2 treatment in comparison to placebo treatment. Furthermore, significantly decreased concentrations of MIP-1α were detected in placebo-treated mice compared to ntg, but no differences between RD2-treated mice and ntg were observed. Cytokine concentrations are given as picograms per milliliter. Data is represented as mean ± SEM, * < 0.05, n.s. not significant