Analysis of oxidative stress and nucleotide degradation pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and control mice. (A) Urinary TBARS correlated for urine creatinine. (B) Renal xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. (C) Quantitative PCR for mouse osteopontin (OPN) in kidney. β-actin was used as an internal control. (D) Urinary allantoin levels corrected for urine creatinine. (E) Relationship between renal AMP and urinary allantoin in all groups. (F) Relationship between urinary NGAL and urinary allantoin in all groups. (G) Serum XO activity. (A-G, Each diabetic group, n = 9-11. Each control group, n = 4-9). Data represent means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***
P < 0.001 versus the respective diabetes group. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01.