Table 2.

Annual rates of change in regional brain volumes (cm³) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N=688)

						Unstandardized Brain Volumes								Standardized Brain Volumes
	Overall Sample			SI		Cognitively Normal				Difference between SI and Cognitively Normal		SI		Cognitively Normal				Difference between SI and Cognitively Normal
Brain Regions of Interest	β	SE	p- value	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	p- value	Effect Size	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	p- value	Effect Size
Total Brain	−4.31	0.38	<0.01	−4.67	0.49	−4.27	0.38	−0.40	0.37	0.28	−0.21	−0.038	0.004	−0.035	0.003	−0.003	0.003	0.28	−0.21
GM	−3.79	0.29	<0.01	−4.29	0.38	−3.73	0.30	−0.56	0.29	0.05	−0.34	−0.064	0.006	−0.056	0.004	−0.008	0.004	0.05	−0.34
WM	−1.59	0.16	<0.01	−1.72	0.22	−1.58	0.17	−0.14	0.16	0.39	−0.16	−0.032	0.004	−0.030	0.003	−0.003	0.003	0.39	−0.16
Ventricles	1.25	0.11	<0.01	1.63	0.17	1.21	0.11	0.42	0.14	<0.01	0.44	0.078	0.008	0.058	0.005	0.020	0.007	<0.01	0.44
Amygdala	−0.02	0.00	<0.01	−0.03	0.00	−0.01	0.00	−0.01	0.00	<0.01	−0.78	−0.090	0.011	−0.052	0.008	−0.038	0.008	<0.01	−0.78
Hippocampus	−0.05	0.01	<0.01	−0.07	0.01	−0.05	0.01	−0.02	0.01	<0.01	−0.61	−0.079	0.008	−0.054	0.006	−0.025	0.006	<0.01	−0.61
Entorhinal Cortex	−0.02	0.01	<0.01	−0.04	0.01	−0.02	0.01	−0.02	0.01	<0.01	−0.78	−0.066	0.011	−0.030	0.009	−0.035	0.009	<0.01	−0.79
Parahippocampal Gyrus	−0.03	0.01	<0.01	−0.04	0.01	−0.03	0.01	−0.02	0.01	<0.01	−0.48	−0.048	0.009	−0.030	0.007	−0.018	0.006	<0.01	−0.48
Frontal Lobe	−2.05	0.15	<0.01	−2.17	0.19	−2.04	0.15	−0.13	0.14	0.35	−0.19	−0.054	0.005	−0.050	0.004	−0.003	0.004	0.36	−0.20
Frontal GM	−1.33	0.10	<0.01	−1.44	0.13	−1.32	0.10	−0.12	0.10	0.23	−0.22	−0.069	0.006	−0.063	0.005	−0.006	0.005	0.23	−0.22
Frontal WM	−0.68	0.07	<0.01	−0.70	0.09	−0.68	0.07	−0.02	0.07	0.75	−0.06	−0.033	0.004	−0.032	0.003	−0.001	0.003	0.75	−0.06
Temporal Lobe	−0.97	0.08	<0.01	−1.18	0.10	−0.94	0.08	−0.23	0.07	<0.01	−0.56	−0.049	0.004	−0.040	0.003	−0.010	0.003	<0.01	−0.56
Temporal GM	−0.67	0.06	<0.01	−0.84	0.08	−0.65	0.06	−0.19	0.06	<0.01	−0.56	−0.067	0.006	−0.052	0.005	−0.015	0.005	<0.01	−0.57
Temporal WM	−0.28	0.04	<0.01	−0.31	0.06	−0.27	0.04	−0.03	0.04	0.40	−0.19	−0.025	0.005	−0.022	0.003	−0.003	0.003	0.40	−0.19
Parietal Lobe	−0.89	0.08	<0.01	−0.99	0.10	−0.87	0.08	−0.12	0.08	0.13	−0.30	−0.049	0.005	−0.043	0.004	−0.006	0.004	0.13	−0.30
Parietal GM	−0.59	0.06	<0.01	−0.67	0.07	−0.58	0.06	−0.09	0.06	0.12	−0.32	−0.062	0.007	−0.054	0.005	−0.008	0.005	0.12	−0.32
Parietal WM	−0.27	0.04	<0.01	−0.29	0.05	−0.27	0.04	−0.02	0.04	0.55	−0.10	−0.027	0.005	−0.025	0.004	−0.002	0.004	0.55	−0.11
Occipital Lobe	−0.55	0.06	<0.01	−0.69	0.09	−0.53	0.06	−0.16	0.06	0.01	−0.39	−0.045	0.006	−0.035	0.004	−0.010	0.004	0.01	−0.39
Occipital GM	−0.43	0.06	<0.01	−0.53	0.07	−0.42	0.06	−0.11	0.06	0.05	−0.36	−0.053	0.007	−0.042	0.006	−0.011	0.006	0.05	−0.36
Occipital WM	−0.10	0.03	<0.01	−0.13	0.04	−0.09	0.03	−0.04	0.03	0.17	−0.23	−0.022	0.006	−0.016	0.005	−0.006	0.004	0.17	−0.23

SI – subsequently impaired, GM – gray matter, WM – white matter, SE = standard error, Note: All bolded values mean p≤0.01. Linear mixed-effects models that included baseline ICV, scan type, age, sex, diagnostic status, race, time, and two-way interactions of scan type, age, sex, diagnostic status, and race with time were used to determine annual rates of change. Continuous variables were mean-centered.