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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2018 Nov 2;75:178–186. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.024

Table 3.

Predictors of neurodegeneration for the overall sample in Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N=688)

Age*Time Hypertension*Time Obesity*Time APOE e4 Carrier
Status*Time
HDL Cholesterol*Time Race*Time
Brain Regions
of Interest
β SE p-
value
β SE p-
value
β SE p-
value
β SE p-
value
β SE p-
value
β SE p-
value

Whole Brain −0.0375 0.0204 0.066 −0.8075 0.3236 0.013 −0.2374 0.2302 0.303 −0.2334 0.3305 0.480 −0.0048 0.0103 0.642 −0.7118 0.3981 0.074
Gray Matter −0.0745 0.0164 <0.001 −0.4890 0.2601 0.060 −0.1631 0.1872 0.383 −0.1753 0.2651 0.508 0.0012 0.0082 0.885 −0.6076 0.3193 0.057
White Matter 0.0091 0.0090 0.312 −0.3045 0.1419 0.032 −0.0045 0.1056 0.966 −0.0620 0.1443 0.667 −0.0020 0.0045 0.664 −0.2345 0.1751 0.180
Ventricles 0.0340 0.0067 <0.001 −0.0174 0.1141 0.879 −0.0235 0.0417 0.573 0.1156 0.1192 0.332 −0.0037 0.0034 0.269 0.2370 0.1295 0.067
Amygdala −0.0005 0.0001 <0.001 0.0001 0.0021 0.959 0.0010 0.0013 0.404 −0.0042 0.0021 0.050 0.0001 0.0001 0.300 −0.0004 0.0025 0.881
Hippocampus −0.0018 0.0003 <0.001 0.0042 0.0046 0.363 0.0023 0.0030 0.444 −0.0130 0.0048 0.007 0.0001 0.0001 0.636 −0.0143 0.0057 0.012
Entorhinal Cortex −0.0008 0.0003 0.016 0.0005 0.0051 0.925 0.0012 0.0035 0.730 −0.0042 0.0052 0.428 0.0003 0.0002 0.045 −0.0119 0.0062 0.057
Parahippocampal Gyrus −0.0012 0.0003 <0.001 0.0038 0.0052 0.465 0.0013 0.0037 0.719 −0.0021 0.0053 0.695 0.0004 0.0002 0.030 −0.0142 0.0063 0.025
Orbitofrontal Cortex −0.0019 0.0007 0.004 −0.0208 0.0105 0.047 0.0026 0.0084 0.753 −0.0025 0.0105 0.813 −0.0001 0.0003 0.871 −0.0299 0.0129 0.021
Superior Temporal Gyrus −0.0010 0.0005 0.033 −0.0062 0.0074 0.407 −0.0047 0.0061 0.442 −0.0016 0.0074 0.828 0.0000 0.0002 0.970 −0.0166 0.0092 0.069
Middle Temporal Gyrus −0.0042 0.0011 <0.001 −0.0186 0.0180 0.303 0.0008 0.0133 0.953 0.0028 0.0183 0.881 −0.0002 0.0006 0.728 −0.0557 0.0222 0.012
Inferior Temporal Gyrus −0.0045 0.0010 <0.001 −0.0193 0.0154 0.211 0.0130 0.0120 0.279 −0.0045 0.0155 0.773 −0.0003 0.0005 0.600 −0.0603 0.0189 0.001
Fusiform −0.0020 0.0007 0.004 −0.0023 0.0110 0.834 0.0019 0.0077 0.808 −0.0126 0.0112 0.261 0.0001 0.0003 0.771 −0.0252 0.0135 0.061

SE – standard error, Note: All bolded values mean p<0.05. Linear mixed-effects models included each predictor and an interaction with that predictor and time. These models were adjusted by baseline ICV, scan type, age, sex, diagnostic status, race, time, and two-way interactions of scan type, age, sex, diagnostic status, and race with time. Continuous variables were mean-centered.