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. 2019 Feb 25;12:275–284. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S186565

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of participants

Variables Control group (lean) (n=28) Study group (obese) (n=34) P-value
Mean ± SEM Range Mean ± SEM Range
Anthropometrics
Age (years) 37±2 18–58 38±2 25–60 0.94
BMI (kg/m2) 22.33±0.34 18.03–24.61 44.48±0.92 34.01–54.20 <0.0001
WC (cm) 81.1±0.6 75.0–87.0 120.1±2.1 101.0–139.0 <0.0001
Lipid profile
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 135.4±5.4 75.0–198.0 156.2±5.7 96.0–266.0 0.01
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 45.9±1.2 35.0–60.0 44.4±1.2 34.0–65.0 0.4
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 90.9±4.1 47.0–142.0 108.0±4.8 65.0–195.0 0.01
VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 13.8±0.9 7.0–26.0 17.2±0.9 9.0–33.0 0.01
TG (mg/dL) 105.1±8.6 44.0–215.0 140.5±7.5 66.0–250.0 0.002
NEFA (mmol/L) 0.30±0.03 0.09–0.64 0.67±0.03 0.38–1.08 <0.0001
Glucose homeostasis
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) 4.81±0.07 4.17–5.83 5.50±0.13 3.89–6.94 <0.0001
Fasting insulin (µIU/mL) 7.34±1.00 1.90–21.40 13.68±1.23 1.00–30.20 0.0003
HOMA-IR 1.58±0.22 0.38–5.02 3.40±0.33 0.31–7.60 <0.0001
Adipo-IR 14.40±2.56 1.03–53.76 57.42±6.32 3.18–146.5 <0.0001

Abbreviations: adipo-IR, adipose tissue insulin resistance; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; SEM, standard error of mean; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; WC, waist circumference.