Table. Characteristics and Associations of Breast Cancer Risk With Nativity and Percentage of Life Lived in the United States Among a Sample (N = 570) of Asian American Women in the San Francisco Bay Area, Asian Community Health Initiative, 2013–2014.
| Characteristic | No. (%)a
|
Risk of Breast Cancer, OR (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer Cases (n = 132) | Controlsb (n = 438) | Adjusted for Age and Country of Originc | Fully Adjustedd | |
| Nativity and percentage of life lived in United Statese | ||||
| US-born | 22 (17) | 144 (33) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Immigrant, ≥50% of life in United States | 56 (42) | 110 (25) | 2.94 (1.65–5.21) | 3.00 (1.56–5.75) |
| Immigrant, <50% of life in United States | 54 (41) | 184 (42) | 1.87 (1.03–3.37) | 2.46 (1.21–4.99) |
| Education | ||||
| College graduate | 81 (61) | 275 (63) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Some college | 21 (16) | 87 (20) | 0.71 (0.41–1.23) | 1.10 (0.59–2.06) |
| High school diploma or less | 30 (23) | 76 (17) | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 2.27 (1.12–4.58) |
| Home ownershipe | ||||
| Renter or non-homeowner | 30 (23) | 162 (37) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Homeowner | 102 (77) | 276 (63) | 2.37 (1.48–3.81) | 2.21 (1.23–3.97) |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Private insurance | 102 (77) | 310 (71) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Public insurance or not insured | 30 (23) | 128 (29) | 0.47 (0.28–0.77) | 0.50 (0.26–0.98) |
| Pregnancy historye | ||||
| Age at first birth <25 y | 18 (14) | 81 (18) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Age at first birth 25–29 y | 46 (35) | 101 (23) | 2.34 (1.23–4.48) | 1.90 (0.93–3.85) |
| Age at first birth 30–34 y | 24 (18) | 95 (22) | 1.54 (0.74–3.18) | 0.91 (0.41–2.04) |
| Age at first birth ≥35 y | 21 (16) | 41 (9) | 3.21 (1.46–7.05) | 3.14 (1.29–7.63) |
| Never had a pregnancy that lasted ≥7 months | 23 (17) | 120 (27) | 1.24 (0.60–2.56) | 1.15 (0.51–2.59) |
| Any family history of breast cancere , f | ||||
| No | 100 (76) | 384 (88) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 32 (24) | 54 (12) | 2.05 (1.24–3.38) | 2.45 (1.38–4.36) |
| Menopausal status and use of HRT | ||||
| Postmenopausal, no HRT | 41 (31) | 196 (45) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Premenopausal | 71 (54) | 213 (49) | 9.27 (3.86–22.2) | 10.9 (4.40–26.9) |
| Postmenopausal, used HRT | 20 (15) | 29 (7) | 2.15 (1.06–4.36) | 2.04 (0.93–4.48) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| <23 | 61 (46) | 221 (50) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 23–26 | 53 (40) | 143 (33) | 1.29 (0.83–1.98) | 1.47 (0.90–2.41) |
| ≥27 | 18 (14) | 74 (17) | 0.84 (0.46–1.55) | 1.02 (0.52–2.02) |
Abbreviation: HRT, hormone replacement therapy.
a
Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
b
Asian American women in the San Francisco Bay Area without a diagnosis of breast cancer.
c
Each variable entered individually into a logistic regression model adjusted for age group (20–39, 40–59, or ≥60 years) and country of origin (Chinese, Filipina, or other Asian).
d
Logistic regression model adjusted for age group, country of origin, and all variables in the table.
e
Number of breast cancer cases and controls differed significantly on this variable on the basis of χ2 test (P < .05).
f
Family history was defined as a mother, sister, or daughter with breast cancer.