Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Bariatric surgery | Controls | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 69 | 33 | |
| Age, years | 41.5 (11.1) | 42.2 (10.3) | 0.7 |
| Men, n (%) | 20 (29.0) | 11 (32.4) | 0.7 |
| Statin users, n (%) | 23 (33.3) | 17 (54.8) | <0.0001 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 13 (18.8) | 8 (25.8) | <0.0001 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 34 (49.3) | 10 (32.3) | <0.0001 |
| Body weight, kg | 136.6 (26.4) | 127.1 (28.4) | 0.1 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 49.9 (7.0) | 45.3 (7.6) | 0.005 |
| Fat percent, % | 51.4 (5.5) | 47.4 (6.2) | 0.002 |
| Fat mass, kg | 70.6 (17.5) | 59.9 (17.8) | 0.006 |
| Fat‐free mass, kg | 66.0 (13.5) | 66.1 (15.9) | 0.9 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.61 (0.72) | 2.56 (0.87) | 0.7 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.27 (0.29) | 1.16 (0.30) | 0.1 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.70 (1.07) | 1.83 (0.75) | 0.7 |
| Apolipoprotein B, g/L | 0.78 (0.19) | 0.80 (0.20) | 0.6 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 199.4 (133.5) | 175.5 (136.6) | 0.4 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 6.77 (2.40) | 6.62 (2.91) | 0.9 |
| HOMA‐IR | 8.92 (7.15) | 7.79 (6.44) | 0.4 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.24 (1.05) | 6.45 (1.30) | 0.3 |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL | 5414 (3531) | 8969 (8382) | 0.04 |
| Leptin, pg/mL | 69,354 (46,383) | 43,559 (31,397) | 0.003 |
| Autotaxin, ng/mL | 342.0 (156.1) | 303.3 (146.0) | 0.2 |
Data are presented as mean (±SD). LDL: low‐density lipoprotein; HDL: high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR: homeostatic model of insulin resistance; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.