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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Violence Against Women. 2018 Aug 30;25(8):903–924. doi: 10.1177/1077801218796329
Physical abuse items n (%) Emotional abuse items n (%)
1 Pepper in mouth 78 (21.9) Take meals away 15 (4.2)
2 Slap face 220 (61.8) Threaten to leave 117 (32.9)
3 Shake 155 (43.5) Embarrass 119 (33.4)
4 Pull hair 172 (48.3) Threaten to send away 125 (35.1)
5 Hit with stick 213 (59.8) Isolate in dark room 4 (1.1)
6 Hit with strap 164 (46.1) Ridicule 120 (33.7)
7 Bite 93 (26.1) Lock out of house 8 (2.2)
8 Bite to bruise 14 (3.9)
9 Slap to bruise 89 (25.0)
10 Hit to bruise 63 (17.7)
11 Burn 21 (5.9)
12 Burn to leave mark 10 (2.8)