TABLE 1.
Number,Type,andUseofTheoriesa (n=50)
| How Used, n (% of 50) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theory/Model/Frameworkb,c | Use in Studies, n (% of 50) |
Design/Develop Intervention, 39 (78) |
Identify Barriers, 5 (10) |
Select/Tailor Intervention, 11 (22) |
Evaluate Intervention Impact, 11 (22) |
| Individual level (n = 26; 52% of 50) | |||||
| Social cognitive theory | 6(12) | 6 (15.4) | |||
| Motivational interviewing | 4 (8) | 4 (36.4) | |||
| Transtheoretical model | 4 (8) | 4 (10.3) | |||
| Patient navigation model | 3 (6) | 3 (60) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (27.3) | |
| Biopsychosocial model | 2 (4) | 2 (5.1) | |||
| Adult learning theory | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Cognitive behavioral therapy | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Chronic disease self-management | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Health belief model | 1 (2) | 1 (9.1) | |||
| Screening adherence follow-up intervention model |
1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Self-efficacy theory | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Tailored health messaging | 1 (2) | 1 (9.1) | |||
| Interpersonal level (n = 2; 4% of 50) | |||||
| Social network | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Social support | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Organizational level (n = 16; 32% of 50) | |||||
| Chronic care model | 6 (12) | 6 (15.4) | |||
| Intervention mapping | 3 (6) | 3 (7.7) | |||
| Interprofessional collaboration | 2 (4) | 2 (5.1) | |||
| RE-AIM | 2 (4) | 2 (18.2) | |||
| Collaborative care model | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Donabedian structure | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (20) | 1 (9.1) | |
| Patient-centered medical home model |
1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Community level (n = 18; 36% of 50) | |||||
| Community-based participatory research |
9 (18) | 8 (10.2%) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Cultural tailoring | 8 (16) | 7 (17.9) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Community-academic partnership | 1 (2) | 1 (20) | |||
| System/population level (n = 10; 20% of 50) | |||||
| PRECEDE-PROCEED | 4 (8) | 3 (7.7) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (9.1) | |
| Social ecological model | 2 (4) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Diffusion of innovation | 1 (2) | 1 (9.1) | |||
| Ecological model of prevention | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Health behavior framework | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | |||
| Health disparities framework | 1 (2) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (9.1) | ||
a
The table is adapted with permission from Liang, 2017.72
b
Implementation theory: Theory developed by implementation researchers or commonly used in the implementation science field15 (denoted here in italic). Classic theory: Theory that originates from a field other than implementation science (eg, health promotion, psychology, public health, organizational management).15
c
Theories are organized by level (individual, interpersonal, organizational, community).