Figure 2.

The effects of inhibitors of GPCR downstream signaling on the suppression of TNF-α production by OAD in murine microglia. (A,B) Primary mice microglia were treated with 50 or 100 ng/ml of PTX for 6 h (A), 0.1 μM UBO-QIC for 1 h (A), 10 or 50 μM Y27632 (A), or 0.4, 0.8, or 1 μM H-89 (Gs signal inhibitor) for 1 h (B), followed by OAD treatment overnight. They were then stimulated by 5 ng/ml of LPS and 0.5 ng/ml of IFN-γ for 12 h. Extracellular TNF-α was measured by ELISA. The data represents mean ± S.E.M. (A, n = 3; B, n = 5). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs 0 μM control by Dunnett’s test).