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. 2019 Feb 28;9:3099. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39430-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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20% of kAE1 expression is enough to significantly alter tight junctions properties. (A) Immunoblot from mIMCD3 kAE1 cells incubated for 24 hours with various concentrations of doxycycline, and relative quantification of kAE1 abundance in these cells (bottom numbers). Incubation of the cells with 31 ng/ml of doxycycline was determined to induce 20% kAE1 expression compared to the routine 500 ng/ml doxycycline incubation. The dark circle corresponds to kAE1 carrying complex oligosaccharide, and the white circle indicates kAE1 carrying high mannose oligosaccharide. (B) Ussing chamber data showing that compared to cells that do not express kAE1 (No Dox), a 20% kAE1 expression results in significant decrease in TEER. Error bars correspond to means ± SEM, n = 4, ***P < 0.001 versus mIMCD3 kAE1 cells without doxycycline, *P < 0.05 versus mIMCD3 kAE1 cells without doxycycline.