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. 2019 Feb 28;9:3117. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39738-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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GH therapy reduces muscle atrophy but does not augment SC proliferation after 8 weeks of treatment. (A–C) Representative confocal images (20x) of gastrocnemius muscle fibers immunostained for DAPI (blue) and laminin (green). (D) Quantification of the cross-sectional muscle area (E) Quantification of gastrocnemius muscle weight. (F) SC expression of p75 and erbB3. Expression levels were determined by RT-PCR analyses in mRNA prepared from SC extracted from nerves in experimental and control groups. All expression levels were calibrated to the animal’s contralateral naïve (non-injured) sciatic nerve. TBP was used as the housekeeping gene. (G) Visual representation of the molecular pathways activated by cell surface receptors, erbB and p75, and their involvement in SC proliferation and activation. Bars represent standard error. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001. Abbrev: GH = growth hormone; SC = Schwann cells.