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. 2019 Feb 28;10:983. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08873-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Enhanced gamma activity evoked by noxious stimulation is not related to motor activity. a Averaged (top row, n = 4 mice) and single trial examples (bottom row) of time-frequency representation of spectral modulation recorded simultaneously in S1HL (left) and M1 (right) of a paw withdrawal trial in response to 2 g von Frey stimulation. Power is coded as % ERP representing the deviation from the mean over a 1000 ms baseline period. b Comparison of difference in the peak time of stimulation-evoked ERP across frequency bands between M1 and S1 electrodes in individual trials (n = 20 withdrawal trials from four mice). c Mean running speed (analyzed over 20 min) of PV-YFP (n = 8) and PV-ChR2-YFP (n = 7) mice at baseline or S1HL 40 Hz illumination (p > 0.05, two-way ANOVA). d Paw withdrawal frequencies to hindpaw mechanical stimulation during 40 Hz illumination of the contralateral motor cortex (M1) in mice expressing either YFP or ChR2-YFP in M1 (n = 8/group; p = 0.30) and e the corresponding 40% mechanical thresholds (p = 0.31). f Withdrawal frequencies to forepaw von Frey stimulation at baseline and 40 Hz illumination of the S1HL cortex of mice expressing PV-ChR2-YFP in the S1HL (n = 7; p = 0.94) and g the corresponding 40% mechanical thresholds (n = 7; p = 0.69). h Comparison of change in mean event-related perturbation in S1HL power over a 1000 ms baseline in the high gamma frequency band evoked by stimulating either the contralateral forepaw or hindpaw with a 2 g von Frey filament (5–7 applications per paw) (n = 7; *p < 0.05). i The percentage of omission of attention trials in the 5-choice serial reaction task in the absence and presence of 40 Hz illumination of mice expressing PV-YFP (n = 8) or PV-ChR2-YFP (n = 7) in the S1HL (p < 0.0001). *p < 0.05, one-sample t-test for deviation from zero (b), two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons (d, f, h, i), unpaired t-test (e), Student’s paired t-test (g). n.s., not significant. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M.