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. 2019 Feb 28;9:3020. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39559-7

Figure 1.

Figure 1

LDL suppresses autophagosome formation by activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in HUVECs. (A) HUVECs were transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmids for 48 h, then starved using serum-free medium overnight. Cells were pretreated with or without bafilomycin A1 (Baf) for 30 min and then treated with LDL (50 μg/mL) for 60 min. GFP-LC3 puncta were imaged by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars = 10 μm, n = 3. (B) HUVECs were exposed to LDL at the indicated concentrations for 60 min with or without Baf pretreatment. Representative Western blot analysis indicating the relative expression levels of LC3-II, p62 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins. (C) HUVECs were treated with LDL (50 μg/mL) for the indicated time. Western blots indicating relative expression levels of LC3-II, p62 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins. The expression in control (Ctr) group cells was assigned the value of 1, n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus Ctr. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 versus Baf. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M.