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. 2019 Feb 28;9:3055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38833-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Brain areas showing significant psycho-physiological interactions (PPI) with the primary auditory cortex (A1, R and RT). These PPIs were analyzed by calculating the interaction between the difference between HiRe and LoRe hit and early response trials and the timeseries of the auditory cortical regions (see Methods). The analysis was performed across 1^st level contrast parameter estimates using permutation inference (10 000 permutations, the runs of each monkey were treated as a permutation and variance group to accommodate heteroscedasticity, initial cluster-forming Z threshold 2.6, cluster-corrected P < 0.05). The results (red clusters) are shown on inflated cortical surfaces (gyri: light gray; sulci: dark gray). We also show three coronal slices registered to a macaque standard brain in stereotactic coordinates²⁸. Dashed lines on the lateral surfaces indicate the approximate position of the coronal slices in the brain. Abbreviations: D dorsal, V ventral, A anterior, P posterior, NB nucleus basalis, NA nucleus accumbens.