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. 2019 Feb 22;12:47. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00047

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Effect of ARTN and artefin on survival of cerebellar granular neurons (CGNs) induced to undergo apoptosis. CGNs were differentiated for 7 days in the presence of 40 mM KCl before apoptosis was induced by potassium withdrawal. (A) Nuclear morphology of CGNs after Hoechst 33258 staining. The arrow shows the intact nuclei with dispersed chromatin and arrowhead – picnotic nuclei with condense chromatin. Scale bar: 100 μm. Cells were grown for 48 h in media, containing 40 mM KCl, apoptotic medium (5 mM KCl) or apoptotic medium supplemented with 50 ng/ml IGF-1 (positive control) (B), serially diluted ARTN (C), or artefin (D). Each experiment was performed in the presence of the three controls (40 mM KCl, 5 mM KCl, and 5 mM KCl plus IGF-1), and the survival effect of the growth factor and the peptide was compared to its own apoptotic control (5 mM KCl). Results from the five experiments are expressed as percentage of 40 mM KCl control set at 100% and presented as mean ± SEM. The anti-apoptotic effect of ARTN and artefin was tested using Student’s paired t-test, where ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.