Forest Plot on Proportion of Male Gametocytes before and after Treatment. This plot summarizes available clinical trial data on the effect of antimalarials on gametocyte sex ratio. Indicated are the proportion of gametocytes that were male before treatment (open symbols) and after treatment (closed symbols; at day 7 post-treatment – if earlier, indicated with asterisks). Study drugs are indicated on the y axis and grouped by nonartemisinin-based combination therapies (non-ACTs), ACTs, and drug combinations with a gametocytocidal compound. Blue symbols indicate a shift towards males, and red indicates a shift towards more females surviving; based on nonoverlapping confidence intervals. In most cases estimates indicate the mean and 95% confidence interval; for two studies 34, 62 it is median and interquartile range. Abbreviations: ACT, artemisinin-combination treatment; AL, artemether-lumefantrine; AQ, amodiaquine; AS, artesunate; COT, cotrimoxazole; CQ, chloroquine; DP, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; MQ, mefloquine; P, probenecid; PQ, primaquine; PS, Pyrimethamine–sulfadoxine; SP, sulfalene–pyrimethamine. See also 76, 77, 78, 79, 90, 91.