Table 2.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors Among Children Aged 0–15 Years With Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic CAP
| All Children (n = 549) |
Bacteremic (n = 31) |
Nonbacteremic (n = 518) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Category | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | P a |
| URTI in the last 3 mo | Yes | 89 (16.2) | 6 (6.7) | 83 (93.3) | .625 |
| LRTI in the last 3 mo | Yes | 105 (19.1) | 9 (8.6) | 96 (91.4) | .149 |
| Previous hospital admission | Yes | 92 (16.8) | 5 (5.4) | 87 (94.6) | .923 |
| Days since onset of symptoms | ≤3 | 260 (47.4) | 11 (4.2) | 249 (95.8) | .336 |
| 4–6 | 249 (45.4) | 18 (7.2) | 231 (92.8) | ||
| ≥7 | 40 (7.3) | 2 (5) | 38 (95) | ||
| Sign and symptoms | Fever | 507 (92.3) | 30 (5.9) | 477 (94.1) | .340 |
| Cough | 511 (93.1) | 27 (5.3) | 484 (94.7) | .177 | |
| Dyspnea | 310 (56.5) | 22 (7.1) | 288 (92.9) | .094 | |
| Tachypnea | 480 (87.4) | 25 (5.2) | 455 (94.8) | .241 | |
| Chest pain | 119 (21.7) | 9 (7.6) | 110 (92.4) | .306 | |
| Rales | 317 (57.7) | 15 (4.7) | 302 (95.3) | .278 | |
| Wheezing | 346 (63) | 18 (5.2) | 328 (94.8) | .556 | |
| Lower chest indrawing | 415 (75.6) | 18 (4.3) | 397 (95.7) | .019 | |
| Nasal flaring | 383 (69.8) | 22 (5.7) | 361 (94.3) | .881 | |
| Inability to breastfeed | 129 (23.5) | 9 (7) | 120 (93) | .454 | |
| Vomiting | 264 (48.1) | 15 (5.7) | 249 (94.3) | .973 | |
| Convulsion | 16 (2.9) | 2 (12.5) | 14 (87.5) | .228 | |
| Lethargy | 42 (7.7) | 5 (11.9) | 37 (88.1) | .067 | |
| Radiologically confirmed | 55 (80.9)b | 2 (3.6) | 53 (96.4) | .496 | |
| Vaccination with PCV10 | Vaccinatedc | 521 (94.9) | 27 (5.2) | 494 (94.8) | .042 |
| 1st dose | 8 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (100) | ||
| 2nd dose | 29 (5.3) | 2 (6.9) | 27 (93.1) | ||
| 3rd (full) dose | 484 (88.2) | 25 (5.2) | 459 (94.8) | ||
| Nonvaccinated | 28 (5.1) | 4 (14.3) | 24 (85.7) | ||
| Nutritionald status | Malnourishedd | 120 (21.9) | 11 (9.2) | 109 (21.0) | .059 |
| Moderately | 49 (8.9) | 4 (8.2) | 45 (91.8) | ||
| Severely | 71 (12.9) | 7 (9.9) | 64 (90.1) | ||
| Well-nourished | 429 (78.1) | 20 (4.7) | 409 (95.3) | ||
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | .788 | |
| Final outcome | Died | 13 (2.4) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | .124 |
| Discharged or transferred | 536 (97.6) | 29 (5.4) | 507 (94.6) |
Abbreviations: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.
a P value of chi-square test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U for continuous variables; those in bold are significant at P < .05.
bRadiologically confirmed cases; for 55 (80.9%) out of the 68, a chest radiograph was performed.
cVaccinated with at least 1 dose of PCV10.
dWorld Health Organization child growth standard of weight-for-age z-score was used to determine nutritional status. Accordingly, well-nourished: z-score ≥ –2.0 <; moderately malnourished: –3.0 < z-score < –2.0; severely malnourished: z-score < –3.0.