Figure 2.

PS‐dependent mechanisms participate in the uptake of both apoptotic and primary necrotic cells. (A) Phagocytosis of control or recombinant annexin V‐exposed fluorescently labeled apoptotic or necrotic thymocytes by BMDMs added in 5 : 1 target cell : macrophage ratio. (B–E) Phagocytosis of fluorescently labelled apoptotic or necrotic thymocytes added to BMDMs in 5 : 1 target cell : macrophage ratio after treating macrophages with 1 μm BMS777607 TAM kinase inhibitor (B) for 24 h, or in the presence of 4 μg·mL⁻¹ anti‐Tim‐4 antibody (C), 4 μg·mL⁻¹ anti‐integrin β3 antibody or 2 mg·mL⁻¹ RGD peptide (D). (E) Phagocytosis by macrophages derived from TG2 knockout mice was also tested. Apoptosis and necrosis were induced as described in Materials and methods. Phagocytosis was allowed for 60 min. Results are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (*significantly different from its own control, P < 0.05 determined by unpaired Student's t test). ns: not significant; MΦ?s: macrophages.