Figure 1.

Effects of nintedanib treatment on Pca cell proliferation in vitro. (A) Pca cells were treated with the indicated doses of nintedanib (concentrations ranged between 0.012 and 200 µM) and the IC₅₀ values were calculated in different Pca cell lines. (B) Cell viability of Pca cells treated with nintedanib (3 µM) for 72 h determined using a WST-1 assay. The different treatment groups were compared with the control. *P<0.05 vs. control (Student's t-test). (C) Western blot analysis revealed that nintedanib inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway and its downstream pathways in Pca cells. Pca, prostate cancer; IC₅₀, half-maximal inhibitory concentration; C, control; T, treatment; p-, phospho-; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; CDC42, cell division cycle 42.