Table 3.
US EPA and ECHA cancer classifications of chemicals linked to artificial turf with predicted carcinogenicity by ADMET Predictor™ (n=197).
| CASRN a | Chemical name | US EPA cancer classificationb | ECHA cancer classificationb |
|---|---|---|---|
| 71556 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | Inadequate information | – |
| 79345 | 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane | Likely to be carcinogenic | – |
| 79005 | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | Possible human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 75343 | 1,1-Dichloroethane | Possible human carcinogen | – |
| 75354 | 1,1-Dichloroethene | Possible human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 95636 | 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | Inadequate information | – |
| 107062 | 1,2-Dichloroethane | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 78875 | 1,2-Dichloropropane | – | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 108678 | 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene | – | – |
| 504609 | 1,3-Pentadiene | – | – |
| 793248 | 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl- | – | – |
| 101724 | 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(1-methylethyl)-N’-phenyl- | – | – |
| 591935 | 1,4-Pentadiene | – | – |
| 111320 | 1-Butanol, 4-methoxy- | – | – |
| 27799833 | 1H-Benzotriazol-5-amine, 1-methyl- | – | – |
| 107982 | 1-Methoxy-2-propanol | – | – |
| 872504 | 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone | – | – |
| 90120 | 1-Methylnaphthalene | – | – |
| 673325 | 1-Propynylbenzene | – | – |
| 1551322 | 2 Ethyltetrahydrothiopene | – | – |
| 112345 | 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol | – | – |
| 124174 | 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol acetate | – | – |
| 934349 | 2(3H)-Benzothiazolone | – | – |
| 5469169 | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-4-hydroxy- | – | – |
| 108601 | 2,2’-Oxybis(1-Chloropropane) | – | – |
| 3910358 | 2,3-Dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl-1H-indene | – | – |
| 95954 | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol | – | – |
| 88062 | 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol | Probable human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 120832 | 2,4-Dichlorophenol | – | – |
| 105679 | 2,4-Dimethylphenol | – | – |
| 51285 | 2,4-Dinitrophenol | – | – |
| 121142 | 2,4-Dinitrotoluene | – | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 581420 | 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | – | – |
| 606202 | 2,6-Dinitrotoluene | – | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 78933 | 2-Butanone | Inadequate information | – |
| 624646 | 2-Butene, (E)- | Likely to be carcinogenic | – |
| 111762 | 2-Butoxyethanol | Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans | – |
| 1613496 | 2-Butyltetrathydrothiopene | – | – |
| 110758 | 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether | – | – |
| 1321659 | 2-Chloronaphthalene | – | – |
| 95578 | 2-Chlorophenol | – | – |
| 3693229 | 2-Dibenzofuranamine | – | – |
| 19780111 | 2-Dodecen-1-yl succinic anhydride | – | – |
| 591786 | 2-Hexanone | – | – |
| 928949 | 2-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)- | – | – |
| 119368 | 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester | – | – |
| 149304 | 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole | – | – |
| 120752 | 2-Methylbenzothiazole | – | – |
| 91576 | 2-Methylnaphthalene | Inadequate information | – |
| 2531842 | 2-Methylphenanthrene | – | – |
| 95487 | 2-Methylphenol | Possible human carcinogen | – |
| 88744 | 2-Nitroaniline | – | – |
| 88755 | 2-Nitrophenol | – | – |
| 91941 | 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 4106665 | 3-Dibenzofuranamine | – | – |
| 1848404 | 3H-Indazol-3-one, 1,2-dihydro-2-methyl- | – | – |
| 832713 | 3-Methylphenanthrene | – | – |
| 99092 | 3-Nitroaniline | – | – |
| 104552 | 3-Phenyl-2-propenal | – | – |
| 99898 | 4-(1-Methylethyl)phenol | – | – |
| 534521 | 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol | – | – |
| 101553 | 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 59507 | 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol | – | – |
| 106478 | 4-Chloroaniline | – | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 7005723 | 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether | – | – |
| 106434 | 4-Chlorotoluene | – | – |
| 50548431 | 4-Dibenzofuranamine | – | – |
| 622968 | 4-Ethyltoluene | – | – |
| 108101 | 4-Methyl-2-pentanone | Inadequate information | – |
| 106445 | 4-Methylphenol | Possible human carcinogen | – |
| 100016 | 4-Nitroaniline | – | – |
| 100027 | 4-Nitrophenol | – | – |
| 781431 | 9,10-Dimethylanthracene | – | – |
| 83329 | Acenaphthene | – | – |
| 208968 | Acenaphthylene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 75070 | Acetaldehyde | Probable human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 141786 | Acetic acid ethyl ester | – | – |
| 75058 | Acetonitrile | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 98862 | Acetophenone | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 107051 | Allyl chloride | Possible human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 62533 | Aniline | Probable human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 191264 | Anthanthrene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 120127 | Anthracene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 613127 | Anthracene, 2–methyl- | – | – |
| 779022 | Anthracene, 9-methyl- | – | – |
| 103333 | Azobenzene | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 56553 | Benz(a)anthracene | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 101677 | Benzenamine, 4-octyl-N-(4-octylphenyl)- | – | – |
| 71432 | Benzene | Human carcinogen | Known human carcinogen |
| 611143 | Benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl- | – | – |
| 620144 | Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl- | – | – |
| 104461 | Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)- | – | – |
| 21573364 | Benzene, 2-methoxy-1,3,4-trimethyl- | – | – |
| 53957349 | Benzenemethanol, ar-ethenyl- | – | – |
| 1678257 | Benzenesulfonanilide | – | – |
| 92875 | Benzidine | Human carcinogen | Known human carcinogen |
| 203338 | Benzo(a)fluoranthene | – | – |
| 50328 | Benzo(a)pyrene | Carcinogenic to humans | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 205992 | Benzo(b)fluoranthene | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 243174 | Benzo(b)fluorene | – | – |
| 16587476 | Benzo(b)thiophene, 6-methyl- | – | – |
| 192972 | Benzo(e)pyrene | – | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 191242 | Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 203123 | Benzo(ghi)fluoranthene | – | – |
| 207089 | Benzo(k)fluoranthene | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 65850 | Benzoic Acid | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 93890 | Benzoic acid ethylester | – | – |
| 95169 | Benzothiazole | – | – |
| 615225 | Benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)- | – | – |
| 100516 | Benzyl alcohol | – | – |
| 92524 | Biphenyl | Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential | – |
| 111911 | Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 111444 | Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether | Probable human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 75274 | Bromodichloromethane | Probable human carcinogen | – |
| 75252 | Bromoform | Probable human carcinogen | – |
| 74839 | Bromomethane | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 123728 | Butanal | – | – |
| 106978 | Butane | – | – |
| 106650 | Butanedioic acid dimethylester | – | – |
| 109217 | Butanoic acid butylester | – | – |
| 85687 | Butyl benzyl phthalate | Possible human carcinogen | – |
| 86748 | Carbazole | – | – |
| 75150 | Carbon disulfide | – | – |
| 56235 | Carbon tetrachloride | Likely to be carcinogenic | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 108907 | Chlorobenzene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 75003 | Chloroethane | – | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 67663 | Chloroform | Probable human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 74873 | Chloromethane | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 218019 | Chrysene | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 291645 | Cycloheptane | – | – |
| 101837 | Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl | – | – |
| 110827 | Cyclohexane | Inadequate Information | – |
| 1122823 | Cyclohexane, isothiocyanato- | – | – |
| 108941 | Cyclohexanone | – | – |
| 287923 | Cyclopentane | – | – |
| 62337933 | Cyclopropane, 1-chloro-2-ethenyl-1-methy | – | – |
| 112312 | Decanal | – | – |
| 1740198 | Dehydroabietic acid | – | – |
| 53703 | Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 132649 | Dibenzofuran | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 132650 | Dibenzothiophene | – | – |
| 124481 | Dibromochloromethane | Possible human carcinogen | – |
| 75718 | Dichlorodifluoromethane | – | – |
| 131113 | Dimethyl phthalate | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 64175 | Ethanol | – | – |
| 100414 | Ethylbenzene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 206440 | Fluoranthene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 86737 | Fluorene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 50000 | Formaldehyde | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 75694 | Freon 11 | – | – |
| 87683 | Hexachlorobutadiene | Possible human carcinogen | – |
| 67721 | Hexachloroethane | Likely to be carcinogenic | – |
| 66251 | Hexanal | – | – |
| 627930 | Hexanedioic acid dimethylester | – | – |
| 29812791 | Hydroxylamine, O-decyl- | – | – |
| 193395 | Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | Probable human carcinogen | – |
| 25155151 | Isopropyltoluene | – | – |
| 462953 | Methane, diethoxy-Cyclohexane | – | – |
| 1783251 | Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N’-phenyl- | – | – |
| 32469866 | Methyl 2alpha -D-xylofuranoside | – | – |
| 108872 | Methylcyclohexane | – | – |
| 75092 | Methylene Chloride | Likely to be carcinogenic | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 108383 | m-Xylene | Inadequate Information | – |
| 91203 | Naphthalene | Possible human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 98953 | Nitrobenzene | Likely to be carcinogenic | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 75525 | Nitromethane | – | – |
| 62759 | N-Nitrosodimethylamine | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 621647 | N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine | Probable human carcinogen | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 86306 | N-Nitrosodiphenylamine | Probable human carcinogen | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 124196 | Nonanal | – | – |
| 1120076 | Nonanamide | – | – |
| 103651 | n-Propylbenzene | – | – |
| 95476 | o-Xylene | – | – |
| 1119295 | Pentanamide, 4-methyl- | – | – |
| 109660 | Pentane | – | – |
| 1119400 | Pentanedioic acid dimethylester | – | – |
| 198550 | Perylene | – | – |
| 85018 | Phenanthrene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 108952 | Phenol | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 85416 | Phthalimide | – | – |
| 106423 | p-Xylene | Inadequate Information | – |
| 129000 | Pyrene | Not Classifiable as Human Carcinogen | – |
| 2381217 | Pyrene, 1-methyl- | – | – |
| 100425 | Styrene | – | – |
| 127184 | Tetrachloroethene | Likely to be carcinogenic | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 2425549 | Tetradecane, 1-chloro- | – | – |
| 109999 | Tetrahydrofuran | Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 108883 | Toluene | Inadequate Information | – |
| 156605 | trans-1,2-Dichloroethene | Inadequate Information | – |
| 542756 | trans-1,3-Dichloropropene | Probable human carcinogen | – |
| 79016 | Trichloroethene | Carcinogenic to humans | Presumed human carcinogen |
| 76131 | Trichlorotrifluoroethane | – | – |
| 6846500 | 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate | – | – |
| 108054 | Vinyl acetate | – | Suspected human carcinogen |
| 75014 | Vinyl chloride | Human carcinogen | Known human carcinogen |
| 111400 | Benzamide, N-N-diethyl-3-methyl- | – | – |
| 598254 | 1,2-Butadiene, 3-methyl- | – | – |
CASRN, chemical abstract registry number; ECHA, European Chemicals Agency; USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
a
Differences in classification descriptors reflect the 1986 EPA Hazard Assessment Guidelines versus 2005 EPA Carcinogen Risk Assessment Guidelines.
b
“-” indicates no information available”