Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 169,806 Participants by Lowest (Q1) and Highest (Q5) Quintiles of the Four Diet Quality Indexes in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
| HEI‐2010 | AHEI‐2010 | aMED | DASH | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | |
| Men (n = 78,450) | n = 20,406 | n = 11,162 | n = 17,554 | n = 15,122 | n = 15,529 | n = 19,552 | n = 17,625 | n = 17,764 |
| Age at cohort entry, years, mean (SD) | 57.7 (8.6) | 61.8 (8.6) | 57.7 (8.6) | 61.2 (8.8) | 58.9 (8.7) | 60.3 (8.8) | 57.0 (8.5) | 61.7 (8.6) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%)* | ||||||||
| African American | 2,334 (11.4) | 1,963 (17.6) | 2,510 (14.3) | 1,624 (10.7) | 2,384 (15.4) | 2,349 (12.0) | 2,434 (13.8) | 2,035 (11.5) |
| Native Hawaiian | 1,686 (8.3) | 711 (6.4) | 1,284 (7.3) | 1,003 (6.6) | 1,014 (6.5) | 1,573 (8.0) | 1,807 (10.3) | 905 (5.1) |
| Japanese American | 6,447 (31.6) | 3,005 (26.9) | 4,457 (25.4) | 5,850 (38.7) | 4,197 (27.0) | 6,568 (33.6) | 7,315 (41.5) | 4,201 (23.6) |
| Latino | 5,891 (28.9) | 1,641 (14.7) | 5,065 (28.9) | 2,257 (14.9) | 4,285 (27.6) | 3,842 (19.7) | 3,360 (19.1) | 4,399 (24.8) |
| White | 4,048 (19.8) | 3,842 (34.4) | 4,238 (24.1) | 4,388 (29.0) | 3,649 (23.5) | 5,220 (26.7) | 2,709 (15.4) | 6,224 (35.0) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 26.8 (4.2) | 26.0 (3.8) | 26.9 (4.2) | 26.0 (3.8) | 26.8 (4.1) | 26.4 (4.0) | 26.8 (4.2) | 26.1 (3.8) |
| Smoking status, n (%)* | ||||||||
| Never | 4,820 (23.6) | 4,225 (37.9) | 4,539 (25.9) | 4,971 (32.9) | 4,168 (26.8) | 6,531 (33.4) | 4,145 (23.5) | 6,534 (36.8) |
| Former | 9,318 (45.7) | 6,110 (54.7) | 8,008 (45.6) | 8,643 (57.2) | 7,339 (47.3) | 10,579 (54.1) | 8,136 (46.2) | 9,689 (54.5) |
| Current | 6,268 (30.7) | 827 (7.4) | 5,007 (28.5) | 1,508 (10.0) | 4,022 (25.9) | 2,442 (12.5) | 5,344 (30.3) | 1,541 (8.7) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 1,789 (8.8) | 1,728 (15.5) | 1,450 (8.3) | 2,235 (14.8) | 1,762 (11.3) | 2,483 (12.7) | 1,439 (8.2) | 2,803 (15.8) |
| Physical activity, METs/day, mean (SD) | 1.66 (0.35) | 1.69 (0.31) | 1.66 (0.34) | 1.68 (0.31) | 1.64 (0.31) | 1.69 (0.33) | 1.65 (0.34) | 1.69 (0.32) |
| Alcohol intake, g/day, mean (SD) | 23.4 (51.7) | 9.0 (15.2) | 24.8 (52.9) | 10.9 (14.0) | 15.9 (39.6) | 13.5 (25.4) | 18.7 (39.9) | 11.3 (24.3) |
| Energy intake, kcal/day, mean (SD) | 2,541 (1,212) | 2,187 (920) | 2,343 (1,119) | 2,481 (1,008) | 1,792 (774) | 3,070 (1,237) | 2,184 (924) | 2,671 (1,210) |
| Women (n = 91,356) | n = 14,105 | n = 22,388 | n = 16,741 | n = 18,811 | n = 19,418 | n = 21,592 | n = 20,077 | n = 20,560 |
| Age at cohort entry, years, mean (SD) | 56.6 (8.5) | 61.5 (8.5) | 57.1 (8.7) | 60.9 (8.7) | 58.2 (8.9) | 60.3 (8.7) | 56.7 (8.6) | 61.4 (8.5) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%)* | ||||||||
| African American | 2,292 (16.2) | 5,650 (25.2) | 3,565 (21.3) | 3,314 (17.6) | 3,943 (20.3) | 4,220 (19.5) | 4,512 (22.5) | 3,438 (16.7) |
| Native Hawaiian | 1,292 (9.2) | 1,426 (6.4) | 1,331 (8.0) | 1,357 (7.2) | 1,251 (6.4) | 1,954 (9.0) | 2,105 (10.5) | 1,172 (5.7) |
| Japanese American | 3,544 (25.1) | 5,897 (26.3) | 3,606 (21.5) | 6,861 (36.5) | 4,706 (24.2) | 6,681 (30.9) | 6,766 (33.7) | 4,779 (23.2) |
| Latino | 4,144 (29.4) | 2,937 (13.1) | 4,310 (25.7) | 2,215 (11.8) | 4,631 (23.8) | 3,707 (17.2) | 3,712 (18.5) | 4,568 (22.2) |
| White | 2,833 (20.1) | 6,478 (28.9) | 3,929 (23.5) | 5,064 (26.9) | 4,887 (25.2) | 5,030 (23.3) | 2,982 (14.9) | 6,603 (32.1) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.2 (5.9) | 25.7 (5.1) | 27.2 (5.8) | 25.5 (5.2) | 26.8 (5.6) | 26.0 (5.4) | 27.0 (5.7) | 25.6 (5.1) |
| Smoking status, n (%)* | ||||||||
| Never | 6,832 (48.4) | 1,3215 (59.0) | 8,579 (51.2) | 10,789 (57.4) | 10,182 (52.4) | 12,794 (59.3) | 10,033 (50.0) | 12,398 (60.3) |
| Former | 3,582 (25.4) | 7,334 (32.8) | 4,350 (26.0) | 6,268 (33.3) | 5,394 (27.8) | 6,647 (30.8) | 5,162 (25.7) | 6,594 (32.1) |
| Current | 3,691 (26.2) | 1,839 (8.2) | 3,812 (22.8) | 1,754 (9.3) | 3,842 (19.8) | 2,151 (10.0) | 4,882 (24.3) | 1,568 (7.6) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 1,190 (8.4) | 2,674 (11.9) | 1,343 (8.0) | 2,369 (12.6) | 1,992 (10.3) | 2,321 (10.7) | 1,730 (8.6) | 2,469 (12.0) |
| Physical activity, METs/day, mean (SD) | 1.55 (0.28) | 1.62 (0.26) | 1.56 (0.28) | 1.62 (0.26) | 1.57 (0.27) | 1.62 (0.27) | 1.55 (0.27) | 1.63 (0.27) |
| Alcohol intake, g/day, mean (SD) | 7.3 (27.7) | 3.3 (8.3) | 6.4 (24.3) | 4.2 (8.6) | 4.5 (17.5) | 4.2 (12.5) | 4.8 (18.5) | 3.9 (12.5) |
| Energy intake, kcal/day, mean (SD) | 2,086 (1,093) | 1,863 (829) | 1,762 (893) | 2,123 (876) | 1,389 (580) | 2,606 (1,094) | 1,679 (733) | 2,288 (1,065) |
*
Column percentages.
Abbreviation: MET, metabolic equivalent.