Table 2.
Dietary Quality Indexes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk and Chronic Liver Disease Mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993‐2013
| Quintile (range) | Person‐years | HCC | CLD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | HR (95% CI)* | HR (95% CI)† | Cases | HR (95% CI)* | HR (95% CI)† | ||
| HEI‐2010 | |||||||
| Q1 (13.5‐57.4) | 620,792 | 149 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 253 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (57.5‐64.3) | 620,187 | 135 | 0.89 (0.71‐1.13) | 0.96 (0.76‐1.21) | 156 | 0.61 (0.50‐0.74) | 0.74 (0.60‐0.91) |
| Q3 (64.4‐70.2) | 613,957 | 133 | 0.91 (0.72‐1.15) | 1.02 (0.80‐1.31) | 151 | 0.58 (0.47‐0.71) | 0.75 (0.61‐0.93) |
| Q4 (70.3‐76.7) | 613,335 | 100 | 0.73 (0.56‐0.94) | 0.85 (0.66‐1.11) | 118 | 0.45 (0.36‐0.56) | 0.61 (0.48‐0.77) |
| Q5 (76.8‐99.9) | 613,416 | 88 | 0.69 (0.53‐0.91) | 0.84 (0.64‐1.12) | 75 | 0.28 (0.22‐0.37) | 0.41 (0.31‐0.54) |
| P value for trend‡ | 0.0027 | 0.1880 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| AHEI‐2010 | |||||||
| Q1 (25.9‐56.6) | 621,559 | 122 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 226 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (56.7‐62.3) | 613,270 | 136 | 1.07 (0.84‐1.37) | 1.08 (0.84‐1.38) | 173 | 0.74 (0.61‐0.90) | 0.76 (0.62‐0.93) |
| Q3 (62.4‐67.1) | 613,619 | 116 | 0.92 (0.71‐1.18) | 0.92 (0.71‐1.19) | 142 | 0.62 (0.50‐0.76) | 0.63 (0.51‐0.78) |
| Q4 (67.2‐72.6) | 612,285 | 121 | 0.96 (0.74‐1.23) | 0.97 (0.75‐1.25) | 127 | 0.56 (0.45‐0.70) | 0.57 (0.46‐0.72) |
| Q5 (72.7‐104.5) | 620,954 | 110 | 0.85 (0.65‐1.11) | 0.87 (0.66‐1.14) | 85 | 0.38 (0.30‐0.49) | 0.39 (0.30‐0.51) |
| P value for trend‡ | 0.1644 | 0.2307 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| aMED | |||||||
| Q1 (0‐2) | 627,152 | 126 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 202 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (3) | 551,547 | 110 | 0.94 (0.73‐1.21) | 0.92 (0.71‐1.19) | 141 | 0.77 (0.62‐0.96) | 0.72 (0.58‐0.89) |
| Q3 (4) | 595,061 | 123 | 0.96 (0.74‐1.23) | 0.90 (0.70‐1.17) | 144 | 0.73 (0.59‐0.91) | 0.62 (0.50‐0.78) |
| Q4 (5) | 555,698 | 121 | 1.00 (0.78‐1.28) | 0.92 (0.70‐1.20) | 121 | 0.65 (0.52‐0.82) | 0.51 (0.40‐0.65) |
| Q5 (6‐9) | 752,229 | 125 | 0.74 (0.58‐0.95) | 0.68 (0.51‐0.90) | 145 | 0.59 (0.48‐0.73) | 0.43 (0.34‐0.56) |
| P value for trend‡ | 0.0479 | 0.0164 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| DASH | |||||||
| Q1 (8‐20) | 690,493 | 133 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 181 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (21‐22) | 452,577 | 101 | 1.05 (0.81‐1.36) | 1.11 (0.85‐1.44) | 128 | 0.91 (0.72‐1.14) | 0.97 (0.77‐1.22) |
| Q3 (23‐25) | 771,075 | 157 | 0.93 (0.74‐1.18) | 0.99 (0.78‐1.26) | 207 | 0.79 (0.65‐0.97) | 0.89 (0.72‐1.09) |
| Q4 (26‐27) | 473,065 | 90 | 0.86 (0.65‐1.13) | 0.92 (0.69‐1.21) | 108 | 0.64 (0.50‐0.81) | 0.73 (0.57‐0.93) |
| Q5 (28‐40) | 694,477 | 124 | 0.80 (0.62‐1.03) | 0.89 (0.68‐1.16) | 129 | 0.50 (0.39‐0.62) | 0.60 (0.47‐0.77) |
| P value for trend‡ | 0.0449 | 0.2863 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
*
Adjusted for age at cohort entry, sex, and race/ethnicity.
†
Additionally adjusted for BMI, history of diabetes, smoking status, and total energy. For HEI‐2010 and DASH, models were further adjusted for alcohol consumption.
‡
Trend variables were assigned the sex‐ and ethnicity‐specific median values for quintiles.