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. 2019 Feb 28;23:68. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2361-5

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Kaplan–Meier plots of the cumulative incidence of postoperative hypercapnia in the two study groups. The inter-group difference remained significant after adjustment for age, history of clinically documented pulmonary infections in the month preceding surgery, and preoperative PaCO₂, with a hazard ratio for HFNC of 0.33 [0.14–0.74] (p = 0.007). Please note that this analysis was not prespecified and should be considered exploratory in nature.