Table 3.
Summary of association between health-related determinants of PA and cardio metabolic health outcome
| Author, year | Cardio metabolic health outcome | Association | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | Chew et al. (2016) [40] | Abdominal obesity | Normal WC vs.AO 4170 ± 4122 vs. 4021 ± 4199 |
p = 0.666 |
| Rezali et al. (2012) [42] | Body weight status | UW vs. NW vs. OW &Obese (Mean ± SD) 1.06 ± 0.31 vs. 1.27 ± 0.31 vs. 1.58 ± 0.33 |
p < 0.01 | |
| BMI (z-score) | Non OW vs. OW & obese Beta=5.34 |
p < 0.05 | ||
| Su et al. (2014) [29] | BMI (kg/m2) | OR=−0.058 | p < 0.05 | |
| WC (cm) | OR=−0.069 | p <0.05 | ||
| Body fat (%) | OR=−0.088 | p < 0.05 | ||
| Zalilah et al. (2006) [38] | Body weight status | UW vs. NW vs. OW (Mean ± SE) ♀ 490 ± 17.7 vs. 559 ± 13.6 vs. 689 ± 13.6 ♂715 ± 28.7 vs. 763 ± 3.9 vs. 1,059 ± 26.1 |
p < 0.001 p < 0.001 |
|
| Farah Wahida et al. (2011) [31] |
BMI (kg/m2) | r=-0.03 | p = NS | |
| Teo et al. (2014) [37] | Weight status | Low (<1.5 h) vs. High (≥1.5 h)(ref) OR(95%CI) ♂ OR = 3.0 (1.1 – 8.1) ♀ OR = 1.7( 0.6 – 5.0) |
p = 0.029 p = 0.302 |
|
| Teo et al. (2014) [37] | Waist circumference (cm) | Low (<1.5 h) vs. High (≥1.5 h)(Mean, 95%, CI) ♂ 69.7 (67.4 - 71.9) vs. 67.9 (65.7-70.0) ♀ 65.7 (64.4- 67.0) vs. 64.6 (62.4-66.7) |
p = 0.263 p = 0.370 |
|
| Teo et al. (2014) [37] | Body Fat (%) | Low (<1.5 h)vs High (≥1.5 h)( mean, 95%, CI) ♂ 20.0 (18.2 - 21.9) vs. 15.9 (14.2-17.7) ♀ 32.6 (31.5 - 33.6) vs. 31.3 (29.6 - 33.0) |
p = 0.002 p =0.219 |
|
| Baharudin et al. (2014) [36] | BMI (z-score) | Physical inactivity NW (ref) UW(OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.06 -1.31) OW (OR=1.1 , 95% CI 0.99 -1.18) Obese(OR=1.2 ,95% CI 1.11-1.37) |
p = 0.003 p < 0.077 p < 0.001 |
|
| Physical activity intensity | Teo et al. (2014) [37] | Weight status | Low (<1 h) vs. High (≥1 h) (ref) OR(95%CI) ♂ OR=3.8 (1.4–10.1) ♀ OR=2.3 (0.7–7.8) |
p = 0.008 p = 0.198 |
| Teo et al. (2014) [37] | Waist circumference (cm) | Low (<1 h) vs. High (≥1 h) ( Mean, 95%, CI) ♂ 70.2 (67.8- 72.6) vs. 67.6 (65.6- 69.7) ♀ 65.9 (64.6- 67.1) vs. 63.5 (61.1- 66.0) |
p= 0.120 p=0.103 |
|
| Teo et al. (2014) [37] | Body Fat (%) | Low (<1 h) vs. High (≥1 h) (Mean, 95%, CI) ♂ 20.7 (18.7-22.6) vs. 15.8 (14.2-17.5) ♀32.5 (31.5-33.5) vs. 31.2 (29.2-33.2) |
p =0.0001 p = 0.267 |
|
| Chew et al. (2016) [40] | Abdominal obesity | Normal WC vs.AO High 54% vs. 52.3% Moderate 31% vs. 30.2% Low 12.9% vs. 17.4% |
p = 0.492 | |
| Rezali et al. (2012) [42] | Body weight status | Non-OW vs. OW & obese (%) Sedentary: 93.5 vs. 6.5 Light: 70.1 vs. 29.9 Moderately/vigorously: 38.9 vs. 61.1 |
p < 0.01 | |
| Zalilah et al. (2006) [38] | Body weight status | (light) UW vs. NW vs. OW (Mean ± SE) ♀1,156 ± 9.4 vs. 1,147 ± 7.2 vs. 1,148 ± 7.2 ♂1,163 ± 9.4) vs. 1,180 ± 7.8 vs. 1,157 ± 8.6 |
p = NS p = NS |
|
| (Moderate) UW vs. NW vs. OW (Mean ± SE) ♀ 245±8.2 vs. 252 ±6.3 vs. 251±6.3 ♂ 207± 8.0 vs. 205±6.7 vs. 218 ±7.3 |
p = NS p = NS |
|||
| (High) UW vs. NW vs. OW (Mean ± SE) ♀ 40 ± 3.7 vs. 41 ± 2.8 vs. 41±2.8 ♂ 69 ± 4.8 vs. 55 ± 4.0 vs. 65±4.4 |
p = NS p = NS |
|||
| Dan et al. (2011) [45] | BMI (z-score) | Low vs. Moderate/High n (%) UW: 10 (34.5) vs.19 (65.5) NW: 100 (35.7) vs. 180 (64.3) OW 32 (35.2) vs. 59 (64.8) r=-0.043 |
p = NS | |
| Sedentary behaviour | Teo et al. (2014) [37] | Weight status | High (<3.5 h) vs. Low (≥3.5 (ref) OR (95%CI) ♂ 2.4 (0.9–6.3) ♀ 2.8 (1.0–7.5) |
p = 0.06 p = 0.04 |
| Cheah et al. (2011) [41] | BMI (z-score) | Normal vs. High 10.364 ± 5.44 vs. 10.66 ± 5.34 |
p = 0.729 |
Abbreviations: ♂ Male, ♀ Female, UW underweight, NW Normal weight, OW overweight, BMI Body Mass Index, AO abdominal obesity, WC waist circumference, SE standard error, NS not statistically significant (p> 0.05)